July 19

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July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining.

Events

711 - Moslem forces under Tariq ibn Ziyab defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
1862 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shots-up Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast postions in response to the an effective American convoy system.
1943 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in the war.
1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad opened in London.
1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
1979 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua.
1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
1989 - A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive.
2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of Weston-Super-Mare, sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.