25th century BC

Millennium:	3rd millennium BC
Centuries:	26th century BC · 25th century BC · 24th century BC
Decades:	2490s BC 2480s BC 2470s BC 2460s BC 2450s BC; 2440s BC 2430s BC 2420s BC 2410s BC 2400s BC
Categories:	Births - Deaths; Establishments - Disestablishments

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Events

Image:PyramidOfUserkaf.jpg

The ruined pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara. He was the founder of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt

c. 2900 BC–2334 BC — Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period.
c. 2500 BC — Scribal schools flourish throughout Sumer.
c. 2500 BC — Cylinder seal from Sumer and its impression are made. It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
c. 2500 BC — Excavation and development of the Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni at Paola, Malta, a subterranean templex complex subsequently used as a necropolis.
c. 2500 BC — Valley Temple of Khafra, Giza, is built.
c. 2500 BC - People in Peru rely on fish and mussels for food.
c. 2494 BC — End of Fourth Dynasty, start of Fifth Dynasty in Egypt. Construction of the Pyramids begins.
c. 2494 BC – 2345 BC: "Sculptors at work", relief from Saqqara, Fifth Dynasty. It is now at Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt.
c. 2494 BC – 2345 BC: "Seated Scribe" from tomb of vizier Kai, Saqqara, sculpture, Fifth dynasty of Egypt is made. It is now in Musée du Louvre, Paris.
2492 BC — Traditional date for the legendary foundation of the Armenian nation (see Haik).
2467 BC — According to Chinese tradition, in this year Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) risen from the tribes of Zhongyuan. Traditionally regarded as the starting point of Chinese Civilization.
c. 2450 BC — End of the Early Dynastic IIIa Period and beginning of the Early Dynastic IIIb Period in Sumer.
c. 2450 BC — Kish is lost to Khamazi tribesmen of the Kurdistan mountains; Elamites from Awan occupy parts of Sumer. (Roux 1980)
c. 2410 BC — By this time, kings in Sumer have ceased to be automatically high priests of the city deity. (Roux 1980) Semitic infiltration and conquest of Mesopotamia begins. (1968 RD Almanac)
Megalithic culture comes to Ireland from Spain, spreading also through Europe and the western Mediterranean. (1968 RD Almanac)
Celts begin invading Europe from the east. (1968 RD Almanac)
Earliest signs of Battle Axe Culture from the Caucasus. (Encyc. Americana)
Southeastern Spain is settled from the Mediterranean, by people using Predynastic Egyptian-style pottery. (Encyc. Americana)
Amorites and Canaanites occupy Syria and Lebanon. (Encyc. Americana)

Significant persons

2491 — Mythical Chinese Emperor Huang-Ti (Hirth)
2490 — Menkaura is Pharaoh. (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2475 — Shepseskaf is Pharaoh. (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2465 — Fifth dynasty of Egypt; Userkaf is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2458 — Sahure is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2446 — Neferirkare Kakai is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2426 — Shepseskare Isi is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
c. 2425 — Death of Eannatum of Lagash; succeeded by his nephew, Entemena, whose ally, Lugal-kinishe-dudu, unites Uruk and Ur (Roux 1980)
2419 — Ra'neferef is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)
2416 — Nyuserre Ini is Pharaoh (Atlas of Egypt 1989)

Deaths

Mahalalel, son of Kenan, (3365 BC–2470 BC) according to the Hebrew Calendar

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Harappan civilisation, at its peak, covered an area of around 480,000 km². Its heartland lay in the Indus river valley in Pakistan, but settlements spread as far as the Makran coast, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, eastern Punjab, Kutch and Saurashtra. They included cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Kalibangan, Dholavira, ports like Lothal, Sutkagen-dor and Sotka-koh and numerous villages as well. They used irrigation to farm and constructed cities. The two main cities had sewage systems, bronze, trade tokens (early coins), and hieroglyphs. There were even baths at one of the villages, besides the great baths of brick in each city. Geometry of shrines and altars tends to identify these with the cities of the Yajur Veda: they might easily be a thousand years older than this conservative date.
Cycladic marble figures depict the use of both the musical pipe and the kithara form of lyre. (Archaeology of the Olympics 1988)
Earliest surviving ski is left in a peat bog at Hoting, Sweden, about this time. (Encyc. Americana)
Sumerians use domestic asses on war chariots (Standard of Ur), not onagers as early interpreters claimed. (Clutton-Brock)
Agriculture at Prieta Huaca includes cotton and bottle-gourds. (Bailey 1973)

Decades and years

v • d • e

Decades and Years

25th century BC
27th century BC←26th century BC← ↔ →24th century BC→23rd century BC

2500s BC	2509 BC	2508 BC	2507 BC	2506 BC	2505 BC	2504 BC	2503 BC	2502 BC	2501 BC	2500 BC
2490s BC	2499 BC	2498 BC	2497 BC	2496 BC	2495 BC	2494 BC	2493 BC	2492 BC	2491 BC	2490 BC
2480s BC	2489 BC	2488 BC	2487 BC	2486 BC	2485 BC	2484 BC	2483 BC	2482 BC	2481 BC	2480 BC
2470s BC	2479 BC	2478 BC	2477 BC	2476 BC	2475 BC	2474 BC	2473 BC	2472 BC	2471 BC	2470 BC
2460s BC	2469 BC	2468 BC	2467 BC	2466 BC	2465 BC	2464 BC	2463 BC	2462 BC	2461 BC	2460 BC
2450s BC	2459 BC	2458 BC	2457 BC	2456 BC	2455 BC	2454 BC	2453 BC	2452 BC	2451 BC	2450 BC
2440s BC	2449 BC	2448 BC	2447 BC	2446 BC	2445 BC	2444 BC	2443 BC	2442 BC	2441 BC	2440 BC
2430s BC	2439 BC	2438 BC	2437 BC	2436 BC	2435 BC	2434 BC	2433 BC	2432 BC	2431 BC	2430 BC
2420s BC	2429 BC	2428 BC	2427 BC	2426 BC	2425 BC	2424 BC	2423 BC	2422 BC	2421 BC	2420 BC
2410s BC	2419 BC	2418 BC	2417 BC	2416 BC	2415 BC	2414 BC	2413 BC	2412 BC	2411 BC	2410 BC
2400s BC	2409 BC	2408 BC	2407 BC	2406 BC	2405 BC	2404 BC	2403 BC	2402 BC	2401 BC	2400 BC
2390s BC	2399 BC	2398 BC	2397 BC	2396 BC	2395 BC	2394 BC	2393 BC	2392 BC	2391 BC	2390 BC

Millennium:	3rd millennium BC
Centuries:	26th century BC · 25th century BC · 24th century BC
Decades:	2490s BC 2480s BC 2470s BC 2460s BC 2450s BC 2440s BC 2430s BC 2420s BC 2410s BC 2400s BC
Categories:	Births - Deaths Establishments - Disestablishments

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3rd:	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th
4th:	31st

25th century BC

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Decades and years

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