Leagues of Inner Mongolia
- References are desirable
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A league (Mongolian: 
(ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ) ayimaγ or, historically, 
čiγulγan; Chinese: 盟, pinyin: méng) is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
Leagues are the prefectures of Inner Mongolia. The name comes from a kind of ancient Mongolian administrative unit used during the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia. To preempt any sense of Mongolian unity or solidarity, the Qing Dynasty executed divide and rule policies in which Mongolian Banners (county level regions) were separated from each other. Leagues had no true ruler-ship, they only had conventional assemblies consisting of banners. During the ROC era, the leagues had a status equivalent to provinces. Leagues contain banners, equivalent to counties.
After the establishment of the provincial level Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, leagues of Inner Mongolia became equal to prefectures in other provinces and autonomous regions. The governments of the league, (simplified Chinese: 行政公署; pinyin: xíngzhènggōngshǔ), is the administrative branch office dispatched by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The leader of the league's government, titled as league leader (simplified Chinese: 盟长; pinyin: méngzhǎng), is appointed by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. So are deputy leaders of leagues. Instead of local level of People's Congress, league's working commissions of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are detached and supervise the league's governments, but can not elect or dismiss league's government officials. [1] In such a way, the league's working committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is instead of league's committee of CPPCC.
Just like prefectures, most leagues have been replaced by prefecture-level cities. There are only 3 leagues remaining in Inner Mongolia.
Leagues have existed since the Qing Dynasty as a level of government. The head of a league was chosen from jasagh or sula of the banners belonging to it. The original six leagues were Jirim, Juu Uda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yeke Juu (Ikh Juu). More were added in the subsequent centuries.
Today, leagues belong to the prefecture level of the Chinese administrative hierarchy. Of the 9 leagues that existed in the late 1970s, 6 have now been reorganized into prefecture-level cities.
| Name | Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Capital | Date abolished | Replaced with |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present-day leagues | |||||
| Alxa | 阿拉善 | Ālāshàn | Bayanhot | ||
| Xilingol | 锡林郭勒 | Xīlínguōlè | Xilinhot | ||
| Hinggan | 兴安 | Xīng'ān | Ulaanhot | ||
| Former leagues | |||||
| Bayan Nur | 巴彦淖尔 | Bāyànnào'ěr | Linhe | December 1, 2003 | Bayan Nur prefecture-level city |
| Chahar | 察哈尔 | Cháhā'ěr | Baochang | October 1, 1958 | merged into Xilingol League |
| Hulunbuir | 呼伦贝尔 | Hūlúnbèi'ěr | Hailar | October 10, 2001 | Hulunbuir prefecture-level city |
| Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren | 呼伦贝尔纳文慕仁 | Hūlúnbèi'ěr Nàwénmùrén | |||
| Jirim | 哲里木 | Zhélǐmù | Tongliao | January 13, 1999 | Tongliao prefecture-level city |
| Josutu | 卓索图 | Zhuósuǒtú | before 1949 | currently distributed among Fuxin, Chaoyang, Chifeng prefecture-level cities | |
| Juu Uda | 昭乌达 | Zhāowūdá | Chifeng | October 10, 1983 | Chifeng prefecture-level city |
| Nawenmuren | 纳文慕仁 | Nàwénmùrén | Zhalantun | ||
| Ulanqab | 乌兰察布 | Wūlánchábù | Jining | December 1, 2003 | Ulanqab prefecture-level city |
| Yeke Juu | 伊克昭 | Yīkèzhāo | Dongsheng | February 26, 2001 | Ordos prefecture-level city |
References
- ↑ "The standing committee of the people’s congress of a province and autonomous region may set up administrative offices in the prefectures under its jurisdiction. " from Item 2, Article 53, Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China (2004 Revision)
See also
- Administrative divisions of Mongolia during Qing
- Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
- Prefecture of China
- List of prefecture-level divisions of China
- Banner (Inner Mongolia)
- Eight Banner system
- List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia
- Aimag
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