List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX. Neurology

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Contents 1 structure of the nervous system (Gray's s183) 1.1 Template:GrayPage 1.2 Template:GrayPage 1.3 Template:GrayPage 1.4 Template:GrayPage 1.5 Template:GrayPage 1.6 Template:GrayPage 1.7 Template:GrayPage 1.8 Template:GrayPage 1.9 Template:GrayPage 1.10 Template:GrayPage 1.11 Template:GrayPage 2 development of the nervous system (Gray's s184) 2.1 Medulla spinalis 2.1.1 Template:GrayPage 2.1.2 Template:GrayPage 2.2 spinal nerves 2.2.1 Template:GrayPage 2.2.2 Template:GrayPage 2.3 Brain 2.3.1 Template:GrayPage 2.3.2 Template:GrayPage 2.4 Hind-brain or Rhombencephalon 2.4.1 Template:GrayPage 2.4.2 Template:GrayPage 2.4.3 Template:GrayPage 2.4.4 Template:GrayPage 2.5 Mesencephalon 2.5.1 Template:GrayPage 2.6 Prosencephalon 2.6.1 Template:GrayPage 2.6.2 Template:GrayPage 2.6.3 Diencephalon 2.6.3.1 Template:GrayPage 2.6.3.2 Template:GrayPage 2.6.4 Telencephalon 2.6.4.1 Template:GrayPage 2.6.4.2 Template:GrayPage 2.6.4.3 Template:GrayPage 2.6.4.4 Template:GrayPage 2.6.4.5 Template:GrayPage 2.7 Fissures and Sulci 2.7.1 Template:GrayPage 2.7.2 Template:GrayPage 3 the spinal cord or medulla spinalis (Gray's s185) 3.1 Template:GrayPage 3.2 Template:GrayPage 3.3 Template:GrayPage 3.4 Template:GrayPage 3.5 Fissures and Sulci 3.5.1 Template:GrayPage 3.5.2 Template:GrayPage 3.6 Gray substance 3.6.1 Template:GrayPage 3.6.2 Template:GrayPage 3.6.3 Template:GrayPage 3.6.4 Template:GrayPage 3.6.5 Template:GrayPage 3.6.6 Template:GrayPage 3.7 White substance 3.7.1 Template:GrayPage 3.7.2 Template:GrayPage 3.7.3 Template:GrayPage 3.7.4 Template:GrayPage 3.7.5 Template:GrayPage 3.7.6 Template:GrayPage 3.7.7 Template:GrayPage 4 the brain or encephalon (Gray's s186) 4.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2 the hind-brain or rhombencephalon (Gray's s187) 4.2.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.2 Myelencephalon 4.2.2.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.2.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.3 Myelencephalon: anterior district of medulla oblongata 4.2.3.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.3.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.4 Myelencephalon: lateral district 4.2.4.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.5 Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - lower part 4.2.5.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.5.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.6 Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - upper part 4.2.6.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.7 Myelencephalon: Cerebrospinal fasciculi 4.2.7.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.7.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.7.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.7.4 Template:GrayPage 4.2.7.5 Template:GrayPage 4.2.8 Myelencephalon: Gray Substance of the Medulla oblongata 4.2.8.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.8.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.8.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.8.4 Template:GrayPage 4.2.9 Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body) 4.2.9.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.9.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.9.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.10 Myelencephalon: Formatio reticularis 4.2.10.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.10.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.11 Metencephalon - pons 4.2.11.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.11.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.11.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.11.4 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12 Metencephalon - cerebellum 4.2.12.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.4 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.5 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.6 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.7 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.8 Template:GrayPage 4.2.12.9 Template:GrayPage 4.2.13 Fourth ventricle 4.2.13.1 Template:GrayPage 4.2.13.2 Template:GrayPage 4.2.13.3 Template:GrayPage 4.2.13.4 Template:GrayPage 4.3 the mid-brain or mesencephalon (Gray's s188) 4.3.1 Cerebral peduncles 4.3.1.1 Template:GrayPage 4.3.1.2 Template:GrayPage 4.3.1.3 Template:GrayPage 4.3.1.4 Template:GrayPage 4.3.1.5 Template:GrayPage 4.3.1.6 Template:GrayPage 4.3.2 Corpora quadrigemina 4.3.2.1 Template:GrayPage 4.3.2.2 Template:GrayPage 4.3.3 Cerebral aqueduct 4.3.3.1 Template:GrayPage 4.3.3.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4 the fore-brain or prosencephalon (Gray's s189) 4.4.1 Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon 4.4.1.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.1.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.2 Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Thalamus 4.4.2.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.2.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.2.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.2.4 Template:GrayPage 4.4.3 Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Metathalamus 4.4.3.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.3.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.4 Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Epithalamus 4.4.4.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.5 Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Hypothalamus 4.4.5.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.5.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.5.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.6 Diencephalon/Other 4.4.6.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.6.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.6.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.7 Telencephalon 4.4.7.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.7.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.7.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.7.4 Template:GrayPage 4.4.7.5 Template:GrayPage 4.4.8 Telencephalon - Frontal lobe 4.4.8.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.8.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.9 Telencephalon - Parietal lobe 4.4.9.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.9.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.10 Telencephalon - Occipital lobe 4.4.10.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.11 Telencephalon - Temporal lobe 4.4.11.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.11.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.11.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.12 Telencephalon - Limbic lobe 4.4.12.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.12.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.13 Telencephalon - Rhinencephalon 4.4.13.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.13.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14 Telencephalon - Interior of the Cerebral Hemispheres 4.4.14.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.4 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.5 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.6 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.7 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.8 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.9 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.10 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.11 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.12 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.13 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.14 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.15 Template:GrayPage 4.4.14.16 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15 Telencephalon - Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres 4.4.15.1 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.2 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.3 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.4 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.5 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.6 Template:GrayPage 4.4.15.7 Template:GrayPage 4.5 composition and central connections of the spinal nerves (Gray's s190) 4.5.1 Template:GrayPage 4.5.2 Template:GrayPage 4.5.3 Template:GrayPage 4.5.4 Template:GrayPage 4.5.5 Template:GrayPage 4.6 composition and central connections of the cranial nerves (Gray's s191) 4.6.1 Template:GrayPage 4.6.2 Template:GrayPage 4.6.3 Template:GrayPage 4.6.4 Template:GrayPage 4.6.5 Template:GrayPage 4.6.6 Template:GrayPage 4.6.7 Template:GrayPage 4.6.8 Template:GrayPage 4.6.9 Template:GrayPage 4.6.10 Template:GrayPage 4.6.11 Template:GrayPage 4.6.12 Template:GrayPage 4.6.13 Template:GrayPage 4.6.14 Template:GrayPage 4.6.15 Template:GrayPage 4.7 pathways from the brain to the spinal cord (Gray's s192) 4.7.1 Template:GrayPage 4.7.2 Template:GrayPage 4.7.3 Template:GrayPage 4.8 the meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (Gray's s193) 4.8.1 Template:GrayPage 4.8.2 Template:GrayPage 4.8.3 Template:GrayPage 4.8.4 Template:GrayPage 4.8.5 Template:GrayPage 4.8.6 Template:GrayPage 4.8.7 Template:GrayPage 4.8.8 Template:GrayPage 4.8.9 Template:GrayPage 4.9 the cerebrospinal fluid (Gray's s194) 4.9.1 Template:GrayPage 5 the cranial nerves (Gray's s195) 5.1 the olfactory nerves (Gray's s196) 5.1.1 Template:GrayPage 5.2 the optic nerve (Gray's s197) 5.2.1 Template:GrayPage 5.2.2 Template:GrayPage 5.2.3 Template:GrayPage 5.3 the oculomotor nerve (Gray's s198) 5.3.1 Template:GrayPage 5.4 the trochlear nerve (Gray's s199) 5.4.1 Template:GrayPage 5.5 the trigeminal nerve (Gray's s200) 5.5.1 Template:GrayPage 5.5.2 Ophthalmic nerve 5.5.2.1 Template:GrayPage 5.5.2.2 Template:GrayPage 5.5.2.3 Template:GrayPage 5.5.3 Maxillary nerve 5.5.3.1 Template:GrayPage 5.5.3.2 Template:GrayPage 5.5.3.3 Template:GrayPage 5.5.3.4 Template:GrayPage 5.5.3.5 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4 Mandibular nerve 5.5.4.1 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4.2 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4.3 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4.4 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4.5 Template:GrayPage 5.5.4.6 Template:GrayPage 5.6 the abducent nerve (Gray's s201) 5.6.1 Template:GrayPage 5.6.2 Template:GrayPage 5.7 the facial nerve (Gray's s202) 5.7.1 Template:GrayPage 5.7.2 Template:GrayPage 5.7.3 Template:GrayPage 5.7.4 Template:GrayPage 5.7.5 Template:GrayPage 5.8 the acoustic nerve (Gray's s203) 5.8.1 Template:GrayPage 5.8.2 Template:GrayPage 5.9 the glossopharyngeal nerve (Gray's s204) 5.9.1 Template:GrayPage 5.9.2 Template:GrayPage 5.9.3 Template:GrayPage 5.9.4 Template:GrayPage 5.10 the vagus nerve (Gray's s205) 5.10.1 Template:GrayPage 5.10.2 Template:GrayPage 5.10.3 Template:GrayPage 5.10.4 Template:GrayPage 5.11 the accessory nerve (Gray's s206) 5.11.1 Template:GrayPage 5.12 the hypoglossal nerve (Gray's s207) 5.12.1 Template:GrayPage 5.12.2 Template:GrayPage 5.12.3 Template:GrayPage 6 the spinal nerves (Gray's s208) 6.1 Template:GrayPage 6.2 Template:GrayPage 6.3 Template:GrayPage 6.4 Template:GrayPage 6.5 Template:GrayPage 6.6 the posterior divisions (Gray's s209) 6.6.1 Template:GrayPage 6.6.2 Template:GrayPage 6.6.3 Template:GrayPage 6.6.4 Template:GrayPage 6.7 the anterior divisions (Gray's s210) 6.7.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.2 Superficial Branches of the Cervical plexus 6.7.2.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.2.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.2.3 Template:GrayPage 6.7.3 Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. INTERNAL SERIES 6.7.3.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.3.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.4 Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. EXTERNAL SERIES 6.7.4.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.5 brachial plexus 6.7.5.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.5.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.6 Supraclavicular Branches 6.7.6.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.6.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.7 Infraclavicular branches 6.7.7.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.7.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.7.3 Template:GrayPage 6.7.7.4 Template:GrayPage 6.7.7.5 Template:GrayPage 6.7.8 Median nerve 6.7.8.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.9 Ulnar nerve 6.7.9.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.9.2 Template:GrayPage 6.7.9.3 Template:GrayPage 6.7.10 Radial nerve 6.7.10.1 Template:GrayPage 6.7.10.2 Template:GrayPage 6.8 the thoracic nerves (Gray's s211) 6.8.1 Template:GrayPage 6.8.2 Template:GrayPage 6.8.3 Template:GrayPage 6.8.4 Template:GrayPage 6.9 the lumbosacral plexus (Gray's s212) 6.9.1 Template:GrayPage 6.9.2 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3 lumbar plexus 6.9.3.1 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.2 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.3 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.4 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.5 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.6 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.7 Template:GrayPage 6.9.3.8 Template:GrayPage 6.10 the sacral and coccygeal nerves (Gray's s213) 6.10.1 Template:GrayPage 6.10.2 Template:GrayPage 6.10.3 Template:GrayPage 6.10.4 Template:GrayPage 6.10.5 Tibial nerve 6.10.5.1 Template:GrayPage 6.10.5.2 Template:GrayPage 6.10.5.3 Template:GrayPage 6.10.6 Common peroneal nerve 6.10.6.1 Template:GrayPage 6.10.6.2 Template:GrayPage 6.10.6.3 Template:GrayPage 6.10.7 Pudendal plexus 6.10.7.1 Template:GrayPage 6.10.7.2 Template:GrayPage 6.10.7.3 Template:GrayPage 7 the sympathetic nerves (Gray's s214) 7.1 Template:GrayPage 7.2 Template:GrayPage 7.3 Template:GrayPage 7.4 Template:GrayPage 7.5 Template:GrayPage 7.6 Template:GrayPage 7.7 Template:GrayPage 7.8 Template:GrayPage 7.9 the cephalic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s215) 7.9.1 Template:GrayPage 7.9.2 Template:GrayPage 7.10 the cervical portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s216) 7.10.1 Template:GrayPage 7.10.2 Template:GrayPage 7.10.3 Template:GrayPage 7.10.4 Template:GrayPage 7.11 the thoracic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s217) 7.11.1 Template:GrayPage 7.12 the abdominal portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s218) 7.12.1 Template:GrayPage 7.13 the pelvic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s219) 7.13.1 Template:GrayPage 7.14 the great plexuses of the sympathetic system (Gray's s220) 7.14.1 Template:GrayPage 7.14.2 Template:GrayPage 7.14.3 Template:GrayPage 7.14.4 Template:GrayPage 7.14.5 Template:GrayPage 7.14.6 Template:GrayPage 8 See also

structure of the nervous system (Gray's s183)

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• nerve fibers
• gray substance and white substance

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• Neuroglia
• Nerve cells
  • Unipolar cells
  • Bipolar cells
  • Multipolar cells
    • Pyramidal cell

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• Nerve cells
  • axis-cylinder process or axon
  • protoplasmic processes or dendrons
  • cyton
  • Nissl's granules

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• Nerve cells
  • cone of origin
• Nerve fibers
• medullated fibers or white fibers

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• medullated fibers or white fibers
  • white substance of Schwann or medullary sheath
  • neurolemma, primitive sheath, or nucleated sheath of Schwann
  • axis-cylinder
  • primitive fibrillae of Schultze
  • neurokeratin

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• medullated fibers or white fibers
  • medullary sheath, or white matter of Schwann

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• medullated fibers or white fibers
  • nodes of Ranvier
  • internodal segment
  • Ranvier's crosses
  • Frommann's lines
  • medullary segments, or segments of Lantermann
  • neurolemma or primitive sheath
• Wallerian degeneration

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• Non-medullated Fibers
• gray or gelatinous nerve fibers (fibers of Remak)
• Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia
  • cerebrospinal nerves
  • funiculus
  • fasciculi
  • epineurium
  • perineurium
  • endoneurium
  • vasomotor fibers
  • spheroidal tactile corpuscles or end bulbs of Krause
  • nervi nervorum
  • plexus

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• Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia
  • sympathetic nerves
  • sensory nerves, or centripetal nerves or afferent nerves
  • centrifugal nerves or efferent nerves
• Origins and Terminations of Nerves

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• origins or central terminations; and peripheral terminations
  • Origins of nerves
    • superficial origin or apparent origin
    • deep origin or real origin
  • Peripheral terminations of nerves
• Motor nerves
  • motor end-plate
• Ganglia

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• Neuron theory
  • neuron
  • synapse or synaptic membrane
• Fasciculi, tracts or fiber systems

development of the nervous system (Gray's s184)

Medulla spinalis

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• Medulla spinalis
• Roof-plate of medulla spinalis
• Floor-plate of medulla spinalis
• layers
  • Ependymal layer
  • Marginal layer
  • Mantle layer
• Spongioblasts
• germinal cells
• Neuroblasts

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• Dorsal lamina (Alar lamina)
• Ventral lamina (Basal lamina)
• Terminal ventricle
• Oval bundle
• filum terminale

spinal nerves

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• spinal nerves

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• ganglion ridge (neural crest)
• spinal nerve

Brain

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• Brain

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• ventral cephalic flexure
• cervical flexure
• pontine flexure

Hind-brain or Rhombencephalon

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• Hind-brain
• isthmus rhombencephali
• Metencephalon
• Myelencephalon

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• medulla oblongata
• tractus solitarius
• oval bundle
• rhombic lip

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• Rhombic grooves
• Pons: development of:
• Cerebellum: development of:
• Fissura prima (cerebellum)
• Fissura secunda (cerebellum)

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• Floccular fissure
• post-nodular fissure
• incisura fastigii

Mesencephalon

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• Mesencephalon

Prosencephalon

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• Prosencephalon

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• optic vesicles
• optic stalks
• lamina terminalis
• telencephalon

Diencephalon

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• Diencephalon
• thalamus

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• metathalamus
• epithalamus
• posterior commissure
• Pineal recess (recessus pinealis)
• pars mamillaris hypothalami

Telencephalon

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• Telencephalon

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• pars optica hypothalami
• cerebral hemispheres
• rhinencephalon
  • Neopallium
  • external rhinal fissure

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• corpus striatum
  • caudate nucleus
  • lentiform nucleus
• neopallium
  • lateral ventricle
• falx cerebri

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• hippocampal fissure
• hippocampus
• Commissures
  • Hippocampal commissure

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• Commissures
  • corpus callosum
  • fornix
  • anterior commissures
    • septum pellucidum

Fissures and Sulci

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• central sulcus
• intraparietal sulcus
• cingulate sulcus
• lateral cerebral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
• Sylvian fossa

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• Development of cranial nerves
• tractus solitarius
• oval bundle

the spinal cord or medulla spinalis (Gray's s185)

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• medulla spinalis or spinal cord
• conus medullaris
• filum terminale
• dura mater
• epidural cavity
• subdural cavity
• arachnoid

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• subarachnoid cavity
• pia mater
• ligamentum denticulatum
• spinal ganglion
• spinal segments (Neuromeres)
• cauda equina
• filum terminale
  • filum terminale internum
  • filum terminale externum

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• Enlargements of medulla spinalis

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• Enlargements of medulla spinalis
  • cervical enlargement
  • lumbar enlargement

Fissures and Sulci

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• Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior)
• Posterior median sulcus (sulcus medianus posterior)
• posterolateral sulcus
• posterior funiculus
• postero-intermediate sulcus
  • fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
  • fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)

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• antero-lateral region
• anterior funiculus
• lateral funiculus
• Internal Structure of the Medulla spinalis

Gray substance

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• Gray substance (substantia grisea centralis)
• central canal
• Anterior column (columna anterior; anterior cornu)
  • lateral column (columna lateralis; lateral cornu)
• Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
  • tract of Lissauer
  • substantia gelatinosa of Rolando

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• Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
  • formatio reticularis
• Central canal (canalis centralis)
  • anterior gray commissure
  • posterior gray commissure
  • terminal ventricle
• substantia gelatinosa centralis

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• association neurons or intersegmental neurons
• crossed commissural fibers

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• Nerve cells in the Anterior column
  • antero-medial column

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• Nerve cells in the Anterior column
  • dorso-medial column
• Nerve cells in the Lateral column
  • lateral nucleus

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• Nerve cells in the Lateral column
  • preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system
• Nerve cells in the Posterior column
  • dorsal nucleus (nucleus dorsalis; column of Clarke)
  • cervical nucleus
  • sacral nucleus
  • dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (direct cerebellar)
  • nerve cells in the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
  • Solitary cells
  • posterior basal column

White substance

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• White substance (substantia alba)

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• Nerve fasciculi
  • Wallerian degeneration
  • descending degeneration
  • ascending degeneration
• Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
  • Descending fasciculi
    • anterior cerebrospinal (fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior; direct pyramidal tract)

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• Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
  • Descending fasciculi
    • vestibulospinal fasciculus
    • tectospinal fasciculus
  • Ascending fasciculi
    • ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
    • anterior proper fasciculus (fasciculus anterior proprius; anterior basis bundle)
• Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
  • Descending fasciculi
    • lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis; crossed pyramidal tract)

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• Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
  • Descending fasciculi
    • rubrospinal fasciculus (Monakow) (prepyramidal tract)
    • olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg)
  • Ascending fasciculi
    • dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig)
    • superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
    • ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (Gowers)

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• Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
  • Ascending fasciculi
    • lateral spinothalamic fasciculus
    • secondary sensory fasciculus or spinal lemniscus
    • spinotectal fasciculus (spino-quadrigeminal system of Mott)
    • fasciculus of Lissauer
    • lateral proper fasciculus (fasciculus lateralis proprius; lateral basis bundle)
    • medial longitudinal fasciculus
• Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
  • fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)

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• Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
  • fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)

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• Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
  • Posterior proper fasciculus (Posterior ground bundle, Posterior basis bundle)
• descending fibers occupy different parts at different levels
  • Comma-shaped fasciculus
  • Dorsal peripheral band
  • Oval area of Flechsig
  • triangular strand
• Roots of spinal nerves

the brain or encephalon (Gray's s186)

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• Brain (Encephalon)
  • Brain: divisions of:
  • Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius )

the hind-brain or rhombencephalon (Gray's s187)

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• tentorium cerebelli
• myelencephalon
• metencephalon
• isthmus rhombencephali

Myelencephalon

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• Medulla oblongata (spinal bulb)
• Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior; ventral or ventromedian fissure)
  • foramen cecum
  • pyramidal decussation
  • anterior external arcuate fibers
• Posterior median fissure (fissura mediana posterior; dorsal or dorsomedian fissure)

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• antero-lateral sulcus
• postero-lateral sulcus

Myelencephalon: anterior district of medulla oblongata

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• pyramid of medulla oblongata (pyramis medullæ oblongatæ)
• pyramidal decussation

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• medial longitudinal fasciculus

Myelencephalon: lateral district

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• olive (oliva; olivary body)

Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - lower part

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• fasciculus gracilis
• fasciculus cuneatus
• clava
• nucleus gracilis
• cuneate tubercle
• nucleus cuneatus

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• tubercle of Rolando (tuber cinereum)

Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - upper part

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• inferior peduncle
• restiform bodies
• striæ medullares

Myelencephalon: Cerebrospinal fasciculi

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• nucleus ambiguus

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• fasciculus gracilis
• fasciculus cuneatus

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• medial nucleus
• lateral nucleus
• lemniscus (fillet)
• decussation of the lemniscus (sensory decussation)

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• locus cæruleus
• dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract)
• proper fasciculi (basis bundles)

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• medial longitudinal fasciculus

Myelencephalon: Gray Substance of the Medulla oblongata

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• hypoglossal nucleus
  • trigonum hypoglossi
• nucleus ambiguus

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• dorsal nucleus
  • sensory nucleus

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• dorsal nucleus
  • ala cinerea (trigonum vagi)
• nucleus of the cochlear nerve and nucleus of the vestibular nerve
• olivary nuclei
  • inferior olivary nucleus
  • hilum
  • peduncle of the olive
  • olivocerebellar fibers
  • medial accessory olivary nucleus

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• olivary nuclei
  • dorsal accessory olivary nucleus

Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body)

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• dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus
• olivocerebellar fibers
• Internal arcuate fibers
• anterior external arcuate fibers
  • nucleus arcuatus

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• posterior external arcuate fibers

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• terminal sensory nuclei
• ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
• cerebellum

Myelencephalon: Formatio reticularis

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• reticularis alba
• reticularis grisea
• inferior central nucleus (nucleus of Roller)
• nucleus lateralis
• lemniscus
• medial longitudinal fasciculus

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• fasciculus solitarius

Metencephalon - pons

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• Pons (pons Varoli)
• tænia pontis

• anterior surface (pars basilaris pontis)
  • middle peduncle
  • sulcus basilaris

• posterior surface (pars dorsalis pontis)

• basilar part of the pons
  • superficial transverse fibers (fibræ pontis superficiales)
  • deep transverse fibers (fibræ pontis profundæ)
  • longitudinal fasciculi (fasciculi longitudinales)

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• basilar part of the pons
  • nuclei pontis

• Tegmental part of pons

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• Tegmental part of pons
  • trapezoid body
  • trapezoid nucleus
  • medial longitudinal fasciculus
  • pontine nuclei
    • superior olivary nucleus (nucleus olivaris superior)
    • nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (nuclei n. trigemini)
      • motor nucleus
      • mesencephalic root
      • sensory nucleus
    • nucleus of the abducent nerve (nucleus n. abducentis)
    • nucleus of the facial nerve (nucleus n. fascialis)
      • colliculus facialis

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• Tegmental part of pons
  • pontine nuclei
    • nucleus of the cochlear nerve
      • lateral cochlear nucleus
      • accessory cochlear nucleus
    • nuclei of the vestibular nerve
      • chief vestibular nucleus
      • spinal vestibular nucleus
      • nucleus of Deiters
      • nucleus of Bechterew
  • medial nucleus
  • area acustica
  • lateral nucleus

Metencephalon - cerebellum

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• Cerebellum
• Lobes of the Cerebellum
  • vermis
  • vallecula cerebelli
  • superior vermis
  • inferior vermis
  • posterior cerebellar notch
  • anterior cerebellar notch

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• horizontal sulcus
• upper surface of the cerebellum
• lingula (lingula cerebelli)
• Lobulus Centralis and Alæ
  • lobulus centralis
  • precentral fissure
  • ala lobuli centralis
• Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
  • monticulus
  • postcentral fissure
  • quadrangular lobule
  • preclival fissure

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• Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
  • culmen
  • clivus
  • lobus culminis
  • lobus clivi
• Folium vermis and Superior semilunar lobule
  • folium vermis (folium cacuminis; cacuminal lobe)
  • superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules)
  • horizontal sulcus
  • lobus semilunaris
• under surface of the cerebellum
  • inferior vermis
  • sulcus valleculæ
  • nodule
  • uvula
  • pyramid
  • tuber vermis
  • flocculus
  • tonsilla cerebelli
  • biventral lobule
  • inferior semilunar lobule
  • postnodular fissure
  • prepyramidal fissure
  • postpyramidal fissure
• Nodule and Flocculus
  • nodule (nodulus vermis; nodular lobe)

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• Nodule and Flocculus
  • posterior medullary velum
  • flocculus
  • lobus noduli
• Uvula and Tonsilla
  • uvula (uvula vermis; uvular lobe)
  • sulcus valleculæ
  • furrowed band
  • tonsilla (tonsilla cerebelli; amygdaline nucleus)
  • bird's nest (nidus avis)
  • lobus uvulæ
• lobus pyramidis
  • biventral lobule
• Tuber vermis (tuber valvulæ)
• Inferior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris inferior; postero-superior lobule)
• lobus tuberus (tuberæ lobe)
• White substance
  • dentate nucleus
  • arbor vitæ
• projection fibers

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• projection fibers
  • superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva)

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• projection fibers
  • ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
  • middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis)
  • superior fasciculus
  • inferior fasciculus
  • deep fasciculus
  • inferior cerebellar peduncles (restiform bodies)
  • anterior medullary velum (velum medullare anterius; valve of Vieussens; superior medullary velum)

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• projection fibers
  • posterior medullary velum (velum medullare posterius; inferior medullary velum)
• Fibrae propriae
  • commissural fibers
  • arcuate fibers (association fibers)
• Gray substance
  • gray substance of the cortex
• Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
  • cells of Purkinje
  • external gray layer
  • basket cells

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• Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
  • internal rust-colored layer (nuclear layer)

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• Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
  • moss fibers
  • tendril fibers
  • independent centers of gray substance
    • nucleus dentatus
    • nucleus emboliformis
    • nucleus globosus
    • nucleus fastigii

Fourth ventricle

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• Fourth ventricle (ventriculus quartus)
• Roof or Dorsal Wall
  • superior peduncle
  • anterior medullary velum
  • posterior medullary velum
  • taeniae of the fourth ventricle (ligulae)
  • obex
  • epithelial lining of the ventricle
  • tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle
  • taeniae of the fourth ventricle (taenia ventriculi quarti; ligula)

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• Roof or Dorsal Wall
  • Cornucopia of Bochdalek
  • obex
  • tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle
• Choroid plexuses
• Openings in the Roof
  • medial aperture (foramen Majendii)
  • lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
• Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)

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• Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
  • calamus scriptorius
  • median sulcus
  • medial eminence
  • sulcus limitans
  • colliculus facialis
  • trigonum hypoglossi
  • nucleus intercalatus
  • sulcus limitans

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• Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
  • locus cæruleus
  • substantia ferruginea
  • superior fovea
  • inferior fovea
  • area acustica
  • tuberculum acusticum
  • striae medullares
  • ala cinerea
  • funiculus separans
  • area postrema

the mid-brain or mesencephalon (Gray's s188)

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Cerebral peduncles

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• cerebral peduncles (pedunculus cerebri; crus cerebri)
  • interpeduncular fossa
  • posterior perforated substance
  • interpeduncular ganglion

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• cerebral peduncles
  • Oculomotor sulcus
  • lateral sulcus

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• base (basis pedunculi; crusta or pes)
  • cerebrospinal fibers
  • frontopontine fibers
  • temporopontine fibers
• substantia nigra (intercalatum)
• tegmentum
• gray substance
• red nucleus
• interpeduncular ganglion

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• white substance
• medial longitudinal fasciculus
  • Deiters's nucleus (lateral vestibular nucleus)
  • vestibulospinal fasciculus
• ventral longitudinal bundle
  • tectospinal fasciculus
• medial lemniscus

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• central tract of the cranial nerves

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• thalamic tract of the cranial nerves
• central tract of the trigeminal nerve
• rubrospinal tract (bundle of Monakow)
• lateral lemniscus (lemniscus lateralis)

Corpora quadrigemina

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• corpora quadrigemina
• pulvinar
• pineal body
• frenulum veli
• brachium
  • superior brachium

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• brachium
  • lateral geniculate body
  • inferior brachium
  • medial geniculate body
• inferior colliculus (colliculus inferior; inferior quadrigeminal body; postgemina)
• superior colliculus (colliculus superior; superior quadrigeminal body; pregemina)
  • stratum zonale
  • stratum cinereum
  • stratum opticum
  • stratum lemnisci
  • gray-white layers
  • fountain decussation of Meynert

Cerebral aqueduct

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• cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus cerebri; aqueduct of Sylvius)
• ventricle of the mid-brain
• central gray stratum

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• nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
• nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
• nucleus of the trochlear nerve

the fore-brain or prosencephalon (Gray's s189)

v • d • e Brain: telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres) Primary sulci/fissures Medial longitudinal, Lateral, Central, Parietoöccipital, Calcarine, Cingulate, Callosal Collateral fissure Frontal lobe Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex, 4), Precentral sulcus, Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9), Middle frontal gyrus (46), Inferior frontal gyrus (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis), Orbitofrontal cortex (10, 11, 12, 47) Parietal lobe Somatosensory cortex (Primary (1, 2, 3, 43), Secondary (5)), Precuneus (7m), Parietal lobules (Arcuate fasciculus/Superior (7l), Inferior (40)), Angular gyrus (39), Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus Occipital lobe Primary visual cortex (17), Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, 18, 19 - Lateral occipital sulcus Temporal lobe Primary auditory cortex (41, 42), Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22), Middle temporal gyrus (21), Inferior temporal gyrus (20), Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (Amygdala, Hippocampus, Parahippocampal gyrus (27, 28, 34, 35, 36) Cingulate cortex/gyrus Subgenual area (25), anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), Posterior cingulate (23, 31), Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30), Supracallosal gyrus white matter tracts Corpus callosum (Splenium, Genu, Rostrum, Tapetum), Septum pellucidum, Internal capsule, Corona radiata, External capsule, Olfactory tract, Fornix (Commissure of fornix), Anterior commissure, Posterior commissure Terminal stria Superior and Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Basal ganglia Striatum (Putamen,Caudate nucleus, Nucleus accumbens), Globus pallidus, Claustrum, Subthalamic nucleus, Substantia nigra Other Insular cortex Olfactory bulb, Anterior olfactory nucleus Septal nuclei Basal optic nucleus of Meynert Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon

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• Diencephalon

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• Thalamencephalon

Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Thalamus

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• Thalami (optic thalamus)
• extremities
  • anterior extremity
  • posterior extremity
    • Pulvinar
    • lateral geniculate body
    • medial geniculate body
• superior surface
  • stratum zonale
  • stria terminalis

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• superior surface
  • taenia thalami
  • sulcus habenulae
  • trigonum habenulae
• inferior surface
  • subthalamic tegmental region
  • substantia innominata of Meynert
• medial surface
  • massa intermedia (middle commissure or gray commissure of brain)
• lateral surface

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• structure of thalamus
  • stratum zonale
  • lateral medullary lamina
  • medial medullary lamina
• connections of thalamus
  • thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)

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• Thalami: stalks of
  • anterior stalk
  • posterior stalk
  • inferior stalk
  • parietal stalk

Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Metathalamus

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• Metathalamus
• geniculate bodies
• medial geniculate body (corpus geniculatum mediale; internal geniculate body; postgeniculatum)
• lateral geniculate body (corpus geniculatum laterale; external geniculate body; pregeniculatum)

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• Metathalamus
  • lower visual centers

Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Epithalamus

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• Epithalamus (see also Habenula and Habenular nuclei)
  • trigonum habenulæ
    • ganglion habenulæ
    • habenular commissure
    • fasciculus retroflexus
  • pineal body (corpus pineale; epiphysis)
    • stalk of the pineal body
  • posterior commissure
    • nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch)

Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Hypothalamus

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• Hypothalamus
• subthalamic tegmental region
  • stratum dorsale
  • zona incerta
  • corpus subthalamicum (nucleus of Luys)

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• greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
  • corpora mammillaria (corpus albicantia)
    • thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d'Azyr)
  • tuber cinereum
    • lamina terminalis
    • infundibulum
  • basal optic nucleus of Meynert
    • eminentia saccularis

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• greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
  • hypophysis (pituitary body)
    • diaphragma sella
• Optic chiasma (chiasma opticum; optic commissure)
  • commissure of Gudden

Diencephalon/Other

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• Optic tracts
  • lower visual centers
  • optic radiations
  • higher visual center (cortical visual center)

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• Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
  • roof
    • choroid plexuses of the third ventricle
  • floor

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• Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
  • floor
    • recessus infundibuli
  • anterior boundary
    • lamina terminalis
    • optic recess
    • vulva
    • interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
  • posterior boundary
    • recessus pinealis
    • recessus suprapinealis
  • lateral wall
    • sulcus of Monro
    • massa intermedia
• Interpeduncular fossa

Telencephalon

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• Telencephalon
• cerebral hemispheres

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• longitudinal cerebral fissure (Fissura longitudinalis)
• falx cerebri
• corpus callosum
• splenium
• genu
• rostrum
• fornix
• Cerebral hemispheres: surfaces of:
  • supero-medial border
  • infero-lateral border
  • superciliary border
  • medial occipital border
  • medial orbital border
• Poles of cerebral hemispheres
  • frontal pole
  • occipital pole
  • temporal pole
• preoccipital notch

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• gyri
• Sulci and fissures of cerebral hemisphere
• Lateral cerebral fissure (fissura cerebri lateralis; fissure of Sylvius)
• Central sulcus (sulcus centralis; fissure of Rolando; central fissure)

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• Parietoöccipital fissure (fissura parietoöccipitalis)
• Calcarine fissure (fissura calcarina)
• Cingulate sulcus (sulcus cinguli; callosomarginal fissure)
• Collateral fissure (fissura collateralis)

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• Sulcus circularis (circuminsular fissure)
• Lobes: of cerebral hemisphere

Telencephalon - Frontal lobe

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• Frontal lobe (lobus frontalis)
• precentral sulcus
• superior frontal sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus
• anterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis anterior; ascending frontal convolution; precentral gyre)
• superior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis superior; superfrontal gyre)

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• superior frontal gyrus
  • paramedial sulcus
• middle frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medius; medifrontal gyre)
  • medial frontal sulcus

• inferior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis inferior; subfrontal gyre)
  • orbital part
  • triangular part (cap of Broca)
  • basilar part
  • gyrus of Broca

• inferior surface or orbital surface
  • orbital sulcus
    • medial gyrus
    • anterior gyrus
    • lateral gyrus
    • posterior orbital gyrus
  • olfactory sulcus
  • straight gyrus

• medial surface
  • marginal gyrus
  • paracentral lobule

Telencephalon - Parietal lobe

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• Parietal lobe (lobus parietalis)
• intraparietal sulcus of Turner
• postcentral sulcus

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• occipital ramus
• transverse occipital sulcus
• superior parietal lobule
• inferior parietal lobule
• posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre)
• superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior)
• arcus parietoöccipitalis
• inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district or lobule)
• subparietal sulcus
• precuneus (quadrate lobe)

Telencephalon - Occipital lobe

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• Occipital lobe (lobus occipitalis)
• transverse occipital sulcus
• lateral occipital sulcus
• lingual gyrus
• fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution)

Telencephalon - Temporal lobe

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• Temporal lobe (lobus temporalis)

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• transverse temporal gyri
• superior temporal sulcus
• parallel sulcus
• middle temporal sulcus
• superior temporal gyrus
• middle temporal gyrus
• inferior temporal gyrus
• inferior temporal sulcus
• fusiform gyrus

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• Insula (island of Reil; central lobe)
• opercula of the insula
• orbital operculum
• circular sulcus

Telencephalon - Limbic lobe

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• Limbic lobe
• cingulate gyrus (gyrus cinguli; callosal convolution)
• callosal fissure
• Isthmus: of limbic lobe

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• hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi)
• cingulum
• uncus
• incisura temporalis
• Hippocampal fissure (fissura hippocampi; dentate fissure)

Telencephalon - Rhinencephalon

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• Rhinencephalon
• Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
  • olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius)
  • olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
    • lateral stria

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• Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
  • olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
    • medial stria
    • intermediate stria
  • olfactory trigone (trigonum olfactorium)
  • parolfactory area of Broca (area parolfactoria)
  • anterior perforated substance (substantia perforata anterior)
  • fissure prima
• Uncus
• subcallosal gyrus (gyrus subcallosus; peduncle of the corpus callosum)
• supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus)
  • fasciola cinerea
• fascia dentata hippocampi (gyrus dentatus)
  • fimbriodentate fissure
  • band of Giacomini

Telencephalon - Interior of the Cerebral Hemispheres

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• centrum ovale minus
• puncta vasculosa
• corpus callosum
• labia cerebri

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• callosal fissure
• centrum ovale majus
• corpus callosum
  • Genu of corpus callosum
  • Rostrum of corpus callosum
  • Splenium of corpus callosum

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• corpus callosum
  • supracallosal gyrus
  • forceps anterior
  • forceps posterior
  • tapetum
• Ventricles
  • Lateral ventricles (ventriculus lateralis)
  • septum pellucidum
  • interventricular foramen
  • ependyma
  • cornua
  • central part (pars centralis ventriculi lateralis; cella)

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• Ventricles
  • anterior cornu (cornu anterius; anterior horn; precornu)

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• Ventricles
  • rostrum
  • posterior cornu (cornu posterius; postcornu)
  • calcar avis (hippocampus minor)
  • bulb of the posterior cornu
  • inferior cornu (cornu inferior; descending horn; middle horn; medicornu)

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• hippocampus (hippocampus major)

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• hippocampus (hippocampus major)
  • pes hippocampi
  • alveus
• collateral eminence (eminentia collateralis)
  • trigonum collaterale
• corpus striatum
• caudate nucleus (nucleus caudatus; caudatum)

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• lentiform nucleus (nucleus lentiformis; lenticular nucleus; lenticula)
• medullary laminæ
  • Putamen

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• globus pallidus
• corticostriate fibers
• ansa lentiformis
• claustrum
  • capsula extrema (band of Baillarger)
• nucleus amygdalæ (amygdala)

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• internal capsule (capsula interna)
  • genu
  • geniculate fibers
  • cerebrospinal fibers

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• internal capsule (capsula interna)
  • corona radiata
• external capsule (capsula externa)
• substantia innominata of Meynert
  • ansa lentiformis
• stria terminalis (tænia semicircularis)

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• terminal vein (vein of the corpus striatum)
• lamina affixa
• Fornix
  • Columns of fornix
  • crura
  • body (corpus fornicis)
  • psalterium (lyra)
  • hippocampal commissure
  • ventricle of the fornix (ventricle of Verga)
  • columns (columna fornicis; anterior pillars; fornicolumns)

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• thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)

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• olfactory fasciculus
• crura (crus fornicis; posterior pillars)
  • alveus
  • fimbria hippocampi
  • fascia dentata hippocampi (dentate gyrus)
  • fimbriodentate fissure
• Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
• Anterior commissure (precommissure)
  • Septum pellucidum (septum lucidum)
• cavity of the septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; pseudocele; fifth ventricle)
• Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle (plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis; paraplexus)

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• tela chorioidea of the third ventricle
• choroidal fissure
• tela chorioidea of the third ventricle (tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii; velum interpositum)

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• transverse fissure of the brain
• internal cerebral veins (venæ Galeni)
• great cerebral vein (vena magna Galeni)

Telencephalon - Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres

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• cortex
• white substance

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• white substance
  • Projection fibers
  • Transverse fibers or commissural fibers
  • Association fibers
    • short association fibers
    • long association fibers
      • uncinate fasciculus
      • cingulum

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• white substance
  • Association fibers
    • long association fibers
      • superior longitudinal fasciculus
      • inferior longitudinal fasciculus
      • perpendicular fasciculus
      • occipitofrontal fasciculus

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• white substance
  • Association fibers
    • long association fibers
      • fornix
• gray substance of the hemisphere
  • Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
    • outer band of Baillarger or band of Gennari
    • inner band of Baillarger
  • Nerve cells
    • giant cells of Betz
    • cells of Golgi
    • cells of Martinotti

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• Nerve Fibers
  • Tangential fibers of cerebral cortex
    • plexus of Exner
    • Band of Bechterew
    • Band of Gennari
  • Radial fibers of cerebral cortex

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• Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
  • Visual area of cerebral cortex
    • Visuosensory area
    • Visuopsychic area
  • Motor areas of cerebral cortex

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• Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
  • Olfactory bulb
  • glomeruli
    • Mitral cells

composition and central connections of the spinal nerves (Gray's s190)

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• typical spinal nerve
  • somatic sensory fibers
  • sympathetic afferent fibers or sensory fibers
  • somatic motor fibers
  • sympathetic efferent fibers or preganglionic fibers

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• Intrinsic spinal reflex paths

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• Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
  • conscious muscle sense
  • unconscious muscle sense

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• Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
  • impulses of pain
  • impulses of temperature

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• Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
  • tactile discrimination
  • touch fibers
• ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
• superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
• spinotectal fasciculus
• spino-olivary fasciculus (olivospinal; bulbospinal, Helweg's bundle)
• Sympathetic afferent fibers (visceral afferent; viscero-sensory; splanchnic afferent)
• Sympathetic efferent fibers (splanchnic motor; viscero-motor; preganglionic fibers)

composition and central connections of the cranial nerves (Gray's s191)

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• Hypoglossal nerve (XII cranial)
• Accessory nerve (XI cranial)
• Vagus nerve (X cranial)
  • somatic sensory fibers

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• Vagus nerve (X cranial)
  • sympathetic afferent fibers
  • Taste fibers
  • Somatic motor fibers
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers
• Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
  • somatic sensory fibers

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• Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
  • Sympathetic afferent fibers
  • Taste fibers
  • Somatic motor fibers
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers (motor and secretory fibers)

• Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
  • Cochlear nerve
  • cochlear nucleus
  • striæ medullares

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• Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
  • trapezoid body
  • cochlear nucleus
  • acoustic tubercle
  • superior olivary nucleus
  • nucleus of the trapezoid body

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• Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
  • lateral preolivary nucleus or semilunar nucleus
  • mesial preolivary nucleus
  • lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet)
  • fillet of Reil
  • lower and upper nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
  • inferior colliculi (lower or posterior quadrigeminal bodies)
  • medial geniculate body
  • commissure of Gudden

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• Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
  • dorsal vestibular nucleus (medial or principal nucleus)
  • inferior vestibular nucleus
  • lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus)

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• Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
  • superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew's nucleus)
• Facial nerve (VII cranial)
  • somatic sensory fibers
  • sympathetic afferent fibers
  • Taste fibers
  • Somatic motor fibers
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers (preganglionic fibers)
  • superior salivatory nucleus
• Abducens nerve (VI cranial)

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• Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
  • corticopontine fibers
• Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
  • motor nucleus
  • terminal sensory nucleus
  • main sensory nucleus
  • nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
  • main sensory nucleus
  • tractus spinalis
  • nucleus of the tractus spinalis

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• Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
  • central path of the trigeminal (trigeminothalamic tract)
  • mesencephalic root (descending root of the trigeminal)
• Trochlear nerve (IV cranial)
  • trochlear nucleus
• Oculomotor nerve (III cranial)
  • oculomotor nucleus

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• Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)

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• Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
  • primary visual centers
  • lateral geniculate body
  • superior colliculus
  • stratum zonale
  • stratum cinereum

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• Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
  • stratum opticum
  • lateral lemniscus
  • tectospinal fasciculus
• Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell

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• Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell
  • lateral olfactory striæ
  • medial olfactory striæ
  • pars olfactoria
  • intermediate olfactory striæ
  • tractus olfactomesencephalicus (basal olfactory bundle of Wallenburg)
  • fasciculus mammillo-tegmentalis (mammillo-tegmental bundle of Gudden)

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• fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert
• interpeduncular ganglion
• tegmental bundle of Gudden
• cingulum
• dentate gyrus
• indusium
• medial longitudinal striæ (nerves of Lancisi)
• lateral longitudinal striæ
• gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance (diagonal band of Broca)

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• olfactory projection fibers
• alveus
• fornix
• hippocampal commissure (ventral psalterium or lyre)
• bundle of Vicq d'Azyr (mammillo-thalamic fasciculus)
• amygdaloid nucleus and the tænia semicircularis (stria terminalis)

pathways from the brain to the spinal cord (Gray's s192)

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• Motor tract
• geniculate fibers
• cerebrospinal fibers
• decussation of the pyramids
• lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (crossed pyramidal tract)
• anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (direct pyramidal tract)
• upper motor neurons
• lower motor neurons
• rubrospinal fasciculus

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• Tectospinal fasciculus

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• vestibulospinal fasciculus (part of the anterior marginal fasciculus or Loewenthal's tract)
• pontospinal fasciculus (Bechterew)

the meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (Gray's s193)

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• dura mater
  • cranial dura mater (dura mater encephali; dura of the brain)

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• processes of dura mater
  • Falx cerebri

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• processes of dura mater
  • Tentorium cerebelli
    • Incisura tentorii
  • Falx cerebelli
  • Diaphragma sellae

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• Structure
  • Endosteal layer of dura mater
  • Meningeal layer of dura mater
  • arteries of Dura mater
  • veins of Dura mater
  • nerves of Dura mater
• spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
  • Subdural cavity
  • Epidural space

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• spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
  • Structure
• Dura mater: structure of:
• Arachnoid (Arachnoid membrane)
  • Cranial arachnoid (Arachnoidea encephali)
  • Spinal arachnoid (Arachnoidea spinalis)
  • structure of Arachnoid
• Subarachnoid cavity (Cavum subarachnoideale, Subarachnoid space)
• Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)
  • Cisterna cerebellomedullaris (Cisterna magna)
  • Cisterna pontis
  • Cisterna interpeduncularis (Cisterna basalis)

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• Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)
  • Cisterna chiasmatis
  • Cisterna fossae cerebri lateralis
  • Cisterna venae magnae cerebri
• openings
  • Foramina of Majendie
  • Foramina of Luschka
• Subarachnoid septum
• Ligamentum denticulatum
• Cerebrospinal fluid

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• Arachnoid villi (Granulationes arachnoideales, Arachnoid granulations, Glandulæ Pacchioni, Pacchionian glands )
• Pia mater

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• Pia mater
  • Cranial pia mater
  • Spinal pia mater
  • Linea splendens
  • Ligamentum denticulatum
  • Filum terminale
  • Central ligament of medulla spinalis

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• ligamentum denticulatum (dentate ligament)

the cerebrospinal fluid (Gray's s194)

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• Cerebrospinal fasciculus: fluid
• Dentate fissure: ligament
• Ligament or Ligaments: dentate

the cranial nerves (Gray's s195)

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• Cranial nerves (Nervi cerebrales, Cerebral nerves)
• Nuclei: of origin of motor nerves

the olfactory nerves (Gray's s196)

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• Olfactory nerves (Nervi olfactorii, first nerve)

the optic nerve (Gray's s197)

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• Optic nerve (Nervus opticus, Second nerve)
• Visual center

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• Optic chiasma
• Decussation of optic nerves
• Commissure of Gudden

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• Optic tract

the oculomotor nerve (Gray's s198)

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• Oculomotor nerve (Nervus oculomotorius, Third nerve )
• Nucleus of oculomotor nerve

the trochlear nerve (Gray's s199)

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• Trochlear nerve (Nervus trochlearis, Fourth nerve)

the trigeminal nerve (Gray's s200)

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• Trigeminal nerve (Nervus trigeminus, Trifacial nerve, Fifth nerve)
• Semilunar ganglion (ganglion semilunare, Gasserian ganglion)
• Cavum Meckelii

Ophthalmic nerve

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• Ophthalmic nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus)
• Lacrimal nerve (Nervus lacrimalis)
• Frontal nerve (Nervus frontalis)

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• Frontal nerve
  • Supratrochlear nerve (Nervus supratrochlearis)
  • Supraorbital nerve (Nervus supraorbitalis)
• Nasociliary nerve (Nervus nasociliaris, Nasal nerve)
  • Long root of ciliary ganglion (Radix longa ganglii ciliaris)
  • Long ciliary nerves (Nervi ciliares longi)
  • Infratrochlear nerve (Nervus infratrochlearis)
  • Ethmoidal branches (Nervi ethmoidales)
• Ciliary ganglion (ophthalmic ganglion or lenticular ganglion)
• Ciliary nerves

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• Short ciliary nerves

Maxillary nerve

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• Maxillary nerve (Nervus maxillaris, superior maxillary nerve)
• In the Cranium
  • Middle meningeal nerve (Nervus meningeus medius, meningeal branch, dural branch)
• In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
  • Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)

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• In the Pterygopalatine fossa
  • Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
    • Zygomaticotemporal branch
    • Zygomaticofacial branch
  • Sphenopalatine nerves (Nervi sphenopalatini)
  • Posterior superior alveolar branches (Nervus rami alveolares superiores posteriores, posterior superior dental branches)

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• In the Infraorbital canal
  • Middle superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch)
  • Anterior superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; Nervus ramus alveolaris superior anteriores, anterior superior dental branch, Anterior superior dental nerve )
    • nasal branch
• On the Face
  • Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores; palpebral branches)
  • External nasal branches (rami nasales externi, Nervus nasales externi)
  • Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores, Nervus labialis superiores, labial branches)
    • Infraorbital plexus
• Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)

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• Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
  • Greater superficial petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus superficialis major, Large superficial petrosal nerve)
  • Deep petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus profundus, Large deep petrosal nerve)
  • Nerve of pterygoid canal (Nervus canalis pterygoidei, Vidian nerve)

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• Branches of Distribution
  • orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches)
  • palatine nerves (nn. palatini; descending branches)
    • anterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus anterior)
    • middle palatine nerve (n. palatinus medius)
    • posterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus posterior)
  • posterior superior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores superiores)
    • nasopalatine nerve
  • pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve)

Mandibular nerve

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• mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis; inferior maxillary nerve)

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• Nervus spinosus
• Internal pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus internus)
• anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
  • Masseteric nerve (Nervus massetericus)

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• anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
  • Deep temporal nerves (nn. temporales profundi)
  • Buccinator nerve (n. buccinatorus; long buccal nerve)
  • External pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus externus)
• posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
  • Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
    • anterior auricular branches (nn. auriculares anteriores)
    • branches to the external acoustic meatus (n. meatus auditorii externi)
    • articular branches
    • parotid branches (rami parotidei)
    • superficial temporal branches (rami temporales superficiales)
  • Lingual nerve (n. lingualis)

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• posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
  • Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
    • Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)

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• posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
  • Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
    • dental branches
      • inferior dental plexus
    • incisive branch
    • mental nerve (n. mentalis)
• Otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

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• Submaxillary ganglion (ganglion submaxillare)

the abducent nerve (Gray's s201)

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• Abducent nerve (Nervus abducens, Sixth nerve)

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• cavernous sinus
• superior orbital fissure
• Orbits: relation of nerves in:

the facial nerve (Gray's s202)

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• Facial nerve (Nervus facialis, Seventh nerve)
• nervus intermedius (pars intermedii of Wrisberg)

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• motor root
• sensory root
• Geniculum of facial nerve
• Genicular ganglion of facial nerve
• Parotid plexus

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• greater superficial petrosal nerve (large superficial petrosal nerve)

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• With the facial canal
  • Nerve to the stapedius (n. stapedius; tympanic branch)
  • Chorda tympani nerve
    • iter chordae posterius
    • iter chordae anterius

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• At its exit from the stylomastoid foramen
  • Posterior auricular nerve (n. auricularis posterior)
    • auricular branch
    • occipital branch
  • Digastric branch (ramus digastricus)
  • Stylohyoid branch (ramus stylohyoideus)
• On the face
  • Temporal branches (rami temporales)
  • Zygomatic branches (rami zygomatici; malar branches)
  • Buccal branches (rami buccales; infraorbital branches)
    • superficial branches
    • deep branches
    • infraorbital plexus
  • Mandibular branch (ramus marginalis mandibulæ)
  • Cervical branch (ramus colli)

the acoustic nerve (Gray's s203)

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• acoustic nerve (Eighth nerve)

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• Cochlear nerve
  • accessory nucleus
  • tuberculum acusticum
  • striæ medullares (striæ acusticæ)
  • lateral lemniscus
  • nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
• Vestibular nerve
  • ganglion of Scarpa

the glossopharyngeal nerve (Gray's s204)

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• Glossopharyngeal nerve (Nervus glossopharyngeus, Ninth nerve)

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• sensory fibers
  • taste fibers
  • Fasciculus solitarius
  • somatic sensory fibers
• somatic motor fibers
  • nucleus ambiguus
• sympathetic efferent fibers

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• Ganglia
  • Superior ganglion (ganglion superius; jugular ganglion)
  • Petrous ganglion (ganglion petrosum; inferior ganglion)

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• Branches of Distribution
  • Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus; nerve of Jacobson)
    • Tympanic plexus
  • Carotid branches (n. caroticotympanicus superior and n. caroticotympanicus inferior)
  • Pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)
    • Pharyngeal plexus
  • Muscular branch (ramus stylopharyngeus)
  • Tonsillar branches (rami tonsillares)
  • Lingual branches (rami linguales)

the vagus nerve (Gray's s205)

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• Vagus nerve (Nervus vagus, Tenth nerve; Pneumogastric nerve )
• Jugular ganglion (ganglion of the root)
• Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk)
• Posterior pulmonary plexus
• Esophageal plexus

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• Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk; inferior ganglion)
• In the Jugular fossa
  • Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
  • Auricular branch (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold)
• In the Neck
  • Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)

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• In the Neck
  • Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
    • Pharyngeal plexus
  • Superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus superior)
    • external branch (ramus externus) - external laryngeal nerve
    • internal branch (ramus internus) - internal laryngeal nerve
  • Recurrent nerve (n. recurrens; inferior or recurrent laryngeal nerve)
  • Superior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci superiores; cervical cardiac branches)
    • upper branches
    • lower branch

• In the Thorax
  • Inferior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci inferiores; thoracic cardiac branches)

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• In the Thorax
  • Anterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior or ventral pulmonary branches)
    • Anterior pulmonary plexus
  • Posterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior or dorsal pulmonary branches)
    • posterior pulmonary plexus
  • Esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
    • esophageal plexus

• In the Abdomen
  • Gastric branches (rami gastrici)
    • posterior gastric plexus
    • anterior gastric plexus
  • Celiac branches (rami cæliaci)
  • Hepatic branches (rami hepatici)

the accessory nerve (Gray's s206)

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• accessory nerve (Nervus accessorius, Eleventh nerve; Spinal accessory nerve )
  • Cranial Part (ramus internus; accessory portion)
  • Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion)

the hypoglossal nerve (Gray's s207)

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• Hypoglossal nerve (Nervus hypoglossus, Twelfth nerve)

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• Meningeal branches (dural branches)
• Descending ramus (ramus descendens; descendens hypoglossi)
  • ansa hypoglossi
• Thyrohyoid branch (ramus thyreohyoideus)
• Muscular branches

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• Nervus ramus descendens
• Nervus thyreohyoideus

the spinal nerves (Gray's s208)

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• spinal nerves (Nervi spinales)
• first cervical nerve (suboccipital nerve)
• Nerve roots
• Anterior root (radix anterior; ventral root)
• Posterior root (radix posterior; dorsal root)

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• Spinal ganglia (ganglion spinale)

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• cauda equina

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• spinal nerve
• gray ramus communicans
• white ramus communicans
• somatic fibers
• sympathetic fibers (splanchnic fibers)

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• cells of Dogiel
• meningeal branch

the posterior divisions (Gray's s209)

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• posterior divisions (Rami Posteriores)
• Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)

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• Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
  • posterior division of the second cervical nerve
    • medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
      • greater occipital nerve (n. occipitalis major; great occipital nerve)
    • lateral branch (ramus lateralis; external branch)
  • posterior division of the third cervical nerve
    • medial branch
      • third occipital nerve
    • lateral branch
  • posterior cervical plexus
  • posterior divisions of the lower five cervical nerves
    • medial branches
    • lateral branches
• Thoracic nerves (Nn. Thoracales)
  • medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
    • upper six thoracic nerves
    • lower six thoracic nerves
  • lateral branches (ramus lateralis; external branch)

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• Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
  • medial branches
  • lateral branches
• Sacral nerves (Nn. Sacrales)
  • upper three sacral nerves
    • medial branches
    • lateral branches
  • lower two sacral nerves

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• Coccygeal nerve (N. Coccygeus)

the anterior divisions (Gray's s210)

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• anterior divisions (Rami Anteriores)
• Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
• anterior division of the first (suboccipital nerve)
• upper four cervical nerves
• cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)

Superficial Branches of the Cervical plexus

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• Smaller occipital nerve (n. occipitalïs minor; small occipital nerve)
  • auricular branch
• Great auricular nerve (n. auricularis magnus)

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• Great auricular nerve
  • anterior branch (ramus anterior; facial branch)
  • posterior branch (ramus posterior; mastoid branch)
• Cutaneous cervical (n. cutaneus colli; superficial or transverse cervical nerve)
  • ascending branches (rami superiores)

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• Cutaneous cervical
  • descending branches (rami inferiores)
• Supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares; descending branches)
  • anterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares anteriores; suprasternal nerves)
  • middle supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares medii; supraclavicular nerves)
  • posterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares posteriores; supra-acromial nerves)

Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. INTERNAL SERIES

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• Communicating branches
• Muscular branches
• Communicantes cervicales (communicantes hypoglossi)
• descendens cervicalis
• ansa hypoglossi
• Phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus; internal respiratory nerve of Bell)

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• phrenic ganglion

Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. EXTERNAL SERIES

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• Communicating branches
• Muscular branches

brachial plexus

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• Branchial plexus (plexus brachialis)

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• lateral cord
• medial cord
• posterior cord

Supraclavicular Branches

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• Dorsal scapular nerve (n. dorsalis scapulæ; nerve to the Rhomboidei; posterior scapular nerve)
• Suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)

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• Nerve to the subclavius (n. subclavius)
• Long thoracic nerve (n. thoracalis longus; external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve)

Infraclavicular branches

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• Lateral cord: Musculocutaneous (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral anterior thoracic (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral head of median (6, 7 C)

• Medial cord: Medial anterior thoracic (8 C, 1 T), Medial antibrachial cutaneous, Medial brachial cutaneous, Ulnar, Medial head of median, Upper subscapular (5, 6 C), Lower subscapular (5, 6 C.)

• Posterior cord: Thoracodorsal (5, 6, 7 C.), Axillary (5, 6 C.), Radial (6, 7, 8 C, 1 T.)

• Anterior thoracic nerves (nn. thoracales anteriores)
  • lateral anterior thoracic (fasciculus lateralis)
  • medial anterior thoracic (fasciculus medialis)
• Subscapular nerves (nn. subscapulares)

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• Subscapular nerves
  • upper subscapular (short subscapular)
  • lower subscapular
• Thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis; middle or long subscapular nerve)
• Axillary nerve (n. axillaris; circumflex nerve)
  • anterior branch of axillary nerve (upper branch)
  • posterior branch of axillary nerve (lower branch)
    • lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

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• Musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)

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• lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii cutaneous lateralis; branch of musculocutaneous nerve)

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• Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii medialis; internal cutaneous nerve)
• Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii medialis; lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg)

Median nerve

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• Median nerve (n. medianus)
  • In the forearm
    • muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • volar interosseous nerve (n. interosseus volaris; anterior interosseous nerve)
    • palmar branch (ramus cutaneus palmaris n. mediani)
  • In the palm of the hand
    • proper volar digital nerves
    • common volar digital nerves

Ulnar nerve

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• Ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris)

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• articular branches to the elbow-joint
• muscular branches of ulnar nerve (rami musculares)
• palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
• dorsal branch of ulnar nerve (ramus dorsalis manus)
• volar branch of ulnar nerve (ramus volaris manus)
• superficial branch of ulnar nerve (ramus superficialis [n. ulnaris])

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• deep branch of ulnar nerve (ramus profundus)

Radial nerve

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• Radial nerve (n. radialis; musculospiral nerve)
  • Muscular branches of the radial nerve (rami musculares)
    • ulnar collateral nerve
  • Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
    • posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii posterior; internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral)

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• Radial nerve
  • Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
    • dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis; external cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
  • Superficial branch of the radial nerve (ramus superficialis radial nerve)
  • Deep branch of the radial nerve (n. interosseus dorsalis; dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve)
    • dorsal interosseous nerve

the thoracic nerves (Gray's s211)

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• anterior divisions of the thoracic nerves (rami anteriores; ventral divisions)

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• First thoracic nerve
• first intercostal nerve
• Upper thoracic nerves (nn. intercostales)
• thoracic intercostal nerves
• Lateral cutaneous branches (rami cutanei laterales)

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• Intercostobrachial nerve

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• Lower thoracic nerves
• thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves
• anterior cutaneous branches
• lateral cutaneous branches
• twelfth thoracic nerve
• lateral cutaneous branch

the lumbosacral plexus (Gray's s212)

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• lumbosacral plexus (Plexus Lumbosacralis)
• Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
• anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores)
• lumbosacral trunk

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• Furcal nerve (Nervus furcalis)

lumbar plexus

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• lumbar plexus

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• Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)

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• Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
  • lateral cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus lateralis; iliac branch)
  • anterior cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior; hypogastric branch)

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• Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)

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• Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis; genitocrural nerve)
  • external spermatic nerve (n. spermaticus externus; genital branch of genitofemoral)
  • lumboinguinal nerve (n. lumboinguinalis; femoral or crural branch of genitofemoral)
• Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis lateralis; external cutaneous nerve)
  • patellar plexus
• Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)

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• Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
  • anterior branch (ramus anterior)
  • posterior branch (ramus posterior)

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• Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
  • articular branch for the knee-joint
• Accessory obturator nerve (n. obturatorius accessorius)
• Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
  • intermediate cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; middle cutaneous nerve)
  • medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)

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• Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
  • medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
  • subsartorial plexus
  • Muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • nerve to the Pectineus
    • nerve to the Sartorius
  • Saphenous nerve (n. saphenus; long or internal saphenous nerve)
  • infrapatellar branch
  • plexus patellæ
  • articular branch to the hip-joint
  • articular branches to the knee-joint

the sacral and coccygeal nerves (Gray's s213)

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• Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)
• Nerve to the Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior

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• Nerve to the Obturator internus and Gemellus superior

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• Nerve to the Piriformis
• Superior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus superior)
• Inferior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus inferior)
• Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)

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• Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
  • gluteal branches (nn. clunium inferiores)
  • perineal branches (rami perineales)
  • inferior pudendal (long scrotal nerve)
  • branches to the back of the thigh and leg
• Sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus; great sciatic nerve)

Tibial nerve

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• Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)

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• Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
  • Articular branches (rami articulares)
  • Muscular branches (rami musculares)
  • medial sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ medialis; n. communicans tibialis)

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• Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
  • sural nerve (n. suralis; short saphenous nerve)
    • lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
  • medial calcaneal branches (rami calcanei mediales;