List of states with limited recognition

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For criticism see Criticism of List_of_states_with_limited_recognition

This list of states with limited recognition gives an overview of contemporary geopolitical entities, that wish to be recognized as sovereign states under customary international law (drawing upon the principles of the Montevideo Convention) that nonetheless do not enjoy complete worldwide diplomatic recognition.

These mostly fall into two categories. Firstly, there are entities with complete or partial control over their claimed territory which are de facto self-governing and have stated a desire for full independence. Secondly, there are entities which do not have complete control over their claimed territory, but have been recognized as having a de jure claim to that territory by at least one other generally recognized nation. Some countries on this list, such as Cyprus and the Republic of Korea, are recognized by the large majority of other nations and are members of the United Nations, but appear here because a small number of nations have withheld recognition.

     No international recognition      Limited recognition      Majority recognition      Territories whose status is disputed; with a government body, that is recognized by at least a few states

See list of historical unrecognized countries for similar entities, that have existed in the past. See list of governments in exile for unrecognized governments without control over the territory claimed.

There are 192 United Nations (UN) member states. The Holy See is generally recognized as sovereign in international law, but is not a member of the United Nations (it has, however, observer state status within the organization).[1]

Contents

Present geopolitical entities by level of recognition

Not recognized by any state

Name Disputed since Recognition Further information References
 Nagorno-Karabakh 1991 No state regards Nagorno-Karabakh as de jure independent from Azerbaijan. Foreign relations of Nagorno-Karabakh
Template:Country data Somaliland 1991 No state regards Somaliland as de jure independent from Somalia. Foreign relations of Somaliland

Recognized by non-UN members only

Name Disputed since Recognition Further information References
Template:Country data Transnistria 1990 Transnistria's independence is recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. All UN member states regard its territory as de jure part of Moldova. Foreign relations of Transnistria [2]

Non-UN members recognized by at least one UN member

Name Disputed since Recognition Further information References
Template:ABK 1992 Abkhazia's independence is recognized by two UN member-states, Russia and Nicaragua and two non-UN member states, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[3] All other UN member states regard its territory as de jure part of Georgia. Foreign relations of Abkhazia, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia [4][5]
 Republic of China (Taiwan) 1949 Both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC; commonly known as "Taiwan") support the One-China policy stating China is de jure a single sovereign entity encompassing both the area currently controlled by the PRC and the area currently controlled by the ROC. The ROC is recognized as sole legitimate government of China by 22 UN members and the Holy See. According to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, the PRC is the sole legitimate government of China, a position taken by the rest of the UN member states. Many states have unofficial relations with the ROC. Political status of Taiwan, Foreign relations of the Republic of China [6]
Template:KOS 2008 Kosovo's independence is recognized by Template:Kosovorecognition UN members, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and several international organisations. All other UN member states regard its territory as de jure part of Serbia. The United Nations have administered the territory since 1999 via the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, with cooperation from the European Union since 2008. According to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo remains a part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (to which Serbia is the successor state), pending a political settlement to determine its final status[7]. Foreign relations of Kosovo, International recognition of Kosovo [8]
Template:TRNC 1983 Northern Cyprus's independence is recognized by one UN member, Turkey. All other UN member states regard its territory as de jure part of Cyprus. The Organisation of the Islamic Conference has granted Northern Cyprus observer status. Foreign relations of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus [9]
Palestinian flag State of Palestine 1988 The State of Palestine is recognized by 93 UN member states,[10] the Holy See, the Arab League, and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, after the Palestinian Declaration of Independence made by the Palestine Liberation Organization. Palestinian missions have diplomatic or special status in 22 other UN member countries and the European Union. Israel does not recognize the State of Palestine. As a result of the Oslo Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement, however, the Israeli government has transferred certain powers and responsibilities of self-government to the Palestinian Authority, which are in effect in the West Bank and Gaza strip areas. The UN recognizes Palestine as a non-member entity with observer status. Foreign relations of the Palestinian National Authority [11]
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) 1976 Western Sahara is subject to competing claims: Morocco claims the territory in its entirety and occupies most of it, while the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) only controls the Free Zone but claims rightful sovereignty over the entirety. Western Sahara's independence under SADR sovereignty is recognized by 49 UN members and the African Union. Western Sahara is regarded as de jure part of Morocco by 25 UN members and the Arab League. All other UN member states regard neither state as possessing de jure authority over the territory; it has been listed on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories since it was added in the 1960s as Spanish Sahara. Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic [12]
Template:Country data South Ossetia 1991 South Ossetia's independence is recognized by two UN member-states, Russia and Nicaragua and two non-UN member states, Abkhazia and Transnistria.[3] All other UN member states regard its territory as de jure part of Georgia. Foreign relations of South Ossetia, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia [5][13]

UN member states, not recognized by at least one other state

Name Disputed since Recognition Further information References
 People's Republic of China (PRC) 1949 The People's Republic of China is not recognized by the Republic of China. Because of the One-China policy, the PRC is not recognized by the 22 UN member states that recognize the ROC, nor by the Holy See. PRC's diplomatic relations, Foreign relations of the PRC [14]
 Cyprus 1974 Cyprus is not recognized by one UN member, Turkey and one non-UN member, Northern Cyprus, both of which refer to it as "Güney Kıbrıs Rum Kesimi", Greek Part of Southern Cyprus. Foreign relations of Cyprus [15][16][17]
 Israel 1948 Israel is not recognized by 11 UN members (Cuba, Indonesia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen), and one non-UN member, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. It is recognized by the Palestine Liberation Organization, who claims the right to set up a state in territory currently occupied by Israel. Foreign relations of Israel [18][19]
 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1948 The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is not recognized by Japan and the Republic of Korea.[20] Foreign relations of North Korea [21][22][23]
Template:Country data Republic of Korea 1948 The Republic of Korea is not recognized by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Foreign relations of South Korea [24][25]
 Liechtenstein 1993 Liechtenstein is not recognized by Slovakia due to its refusal to recognize Slovakia over a dispute on the applicability of the Beneš decrees. Foreign relations of Liechtenstein [26][27][28]
 Slovakia 1993 Slovakia is not recognized by Liechtenstein due to a dispute over the applicability of the Beneš decrees. Foreign relations of Slovakia [26][28]

See also

References

  1. ^ Non-member State
  2. ^ "Abkhazia: Ten Years On". BBC 2. 2001. http://video.acasa.ro/view_video/1cbc0583298a23831612/transnistria-europe-s-black-hole-2-4.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-16. 
  3. ^ a b South Ossetia opens embassy in Abkhazia The Tiraspol Times
  4. ^ Clogg, Rachel (2001). "Abkhazia: Ten Years On". Conciliation Resources. http://www.c-r.org/resources/occasional-papers/abkhazia-ten-years-on.php. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 
  5. ^ a b Russia recognises Georgian rebels - BBC, 2008-08-26[1]
  6. ^ Lewis, Joe (2002-08-04). "Taiwan Independence". Digital Freedom Network. http://members.aol.com/JoJoLewis/Taiwan/Taiwan_index.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  7. ^ http://www.unmikonline.org/press/reports/N9917289.pdf
  8. ^ "Kosovo MPs proclaim independence". BBC News. 2008-02-17. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7249034.stm. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  9. ^ Hadar, Leon (2005-11-16). "In Praise of 'Virtual States'". AntiWar. http://antiwar.com/hadar/?articleid=8042. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  10. ^ Web Archive
  11. ^ "3.10 - How many countries recognize Palestine as a state?". Institute for Middle East Understanding. 2007. http://imeu.net/news/article0065.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  12. ^ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976-02-27). "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". Western Sahara Online. http://www.wsahara.net/sadr.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  13. ^ Stojanovic, Srdjan (2003-09-23). "OCHA Situation Report". Center for International Disaster Information. http://iys.cidi.org/humanitarian/hsr/03b/ixl95.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  14. ^ "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". International Human Rights Treaties and Documents Database. http://www.hkhrm.org.hk/english/law/const01.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  15. ^ CIA World Factbook (2008-02-28). "Cyprus". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  16. ^ "Cyprus exists without Turkey's recognition: president". XINHUA. 2005-10-01. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-10/01/content_3570894.htm. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 
  17. ^ [2]
  18. ^ Government of Israel (1948-05-14). "Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/israel.htm. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  19. ^ http://www.mythsandfacts.org/ReplyOnlineEdition/chapter-1.html
  20. ^ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-27. 
  21. ^ "Declaration of Independence". TIME. 1966-08-19. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836219,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 
  22. ^ Scofield, David (2005-01-04). "Seoul's double-talk on reunification". Asia Times. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GA04Dg01.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 
  23. ^ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-27. 
  24. ^ US Library of Congress (2000-10-07). "World War II and Korea". Country Studies. http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/8.htm. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 
  25. ^ Sterngold, James (1994-09-03). "China, Backing North Korea, Quits Armistice Commission". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01EFD71538F930A3575AC0A962958260. Retrieved on 2008-02-29. 
  26. ^ a b MFA of Czech Republic. "Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic - Liechtenstein". http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?id=21142&ido=6573&idj=2. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. 
  27. ^ dispute
  28. ^ a b [3]

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