Nobel Peace Prize

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The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. Four of the five prizes are awarded in Stockholm each year, but Nobel had stipulated in his will that the Peace Prize could not be awarded in Sweden. Instead the Norwegian capital of Oslo was chosen as the award site and a Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee is appointed to select the laureate for the Peace Prize.

According to the will of Alfred Nobel the prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".


Contents

Laureates

This is a list of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates:

1901 
Jean Henri Dunant (Switzerland), founder of the Red Cross and initiator of the Geneva convention. : Frédéric Passy (France), founder and president of the [[Societ� Fran�aise pour l'arbitrage entre nations]].
1902 
Élie Ducommun (Switzerland) and Charles Albert Gobat, honorary secretaries of the Permanent International Peace Bureau in Berne.
1903 
Sir William Randal Cremer (UK), secretary of the International Arbitration League.
1904 
Institut De Droit International (Gent, Belgium).
1905 
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau (Austria), writer, honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.
1906 
Theodore Roosevelt (USA), president of the United States, for drawing up the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War.
1907 
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (Italy), president of the Lombard League of Peace. : Louis Renault (France), professor of International Law.
1908 
Klas Pontus Arnoldson (Sweden), founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League. : Fredrik Bajer (Denmark), honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.
1909 
Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (Belgium), member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage. : Paul Henribenjamin Balluet D'estournelles De Constant, Baron De Constant De Rebecque (France), founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the Comit� de d�fense des int�rets nationaux et de conciliation internationale
1910 
Bureau International Permanent De La Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau), Berne.
1911 
Tobias Michael Carel Asser (Netherlands), initiator of the International Conferences of Private Law in The Hague. : Alfred Hermann Fried (Austria), founder of Die Waffen Nieder.
1912 
Elihu Root (USA), for initiating various arbitration agreements.
1913 
Henri La Fontaine (Belgium), president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.
1914-1916 
Not awarded.
1917 
International Red Cross, Geneva.
1918 
Not awarded.
1919 
Woodrow Wilson (USA) for founding the League of Nations.
1920 
Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois, president of the Council of the League of Nations.
1921 
Karl Hjalmar Branting (Sweden), prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations. : Christian Lous Lange (Norway), secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union
1922 
Fridtjof Nansen (Norway), Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, originator of the Nansen passports for refugees.
1923-1924 
Not awarded.
1925 
Sir Austen Chamberlain (UK) for the Locarno Treaty. : Charles Gates Dawes (USA), chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission and originator of the Dawes Plan.
1926 
Aristide Briand (France) for the Locarno Treaties. : Gustav Stresemann (Germany) for the Locarno Treaties.
1927 
Ferdinand Buisson (France), founder and president of the League for Human Rights. : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), delegate to numerous peace conferences.
1928 
Not awarded.
1929 
Frank B. Kellogg (USA) for the Briand-Kellogg Pact.
1930 
Archbishop [[Nathan S�derblom|Lars Olof Nathan (Jonathan) S�derblom]] (Sweden), leader of the ecumenical movement.
1931 
Jane Addams (USA), international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom : Nicholas Murray Butler (USA) for promoting the Briand-Kellogg Pact.
1932 
Not awarded.
1933 
Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) (UK), writer, member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council.
1934 
Arthur Henderson (UK), chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference
1935 
Carl von Ossietzky (Germany), pacifist journalist.
1936 
Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Argentina), president of the League of Nations and mediator in a conflict between Paraguay and Bolivia.
1937 
Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil), founder and president of the International Peace Campaign.
1938 
Nansen International Office For Refugees, Geneva.
1939-1943 
Not awarded.
1944 
International Committee of the Red Cross (awarded retroactively in 1945).
1945 
Cordell Hull (USA) for co-initiating the United Nations.
1946 
Emily Greene Balch (USA), honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom : John Raleigh Mott (USA), chairman of the International Missionary Council and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations
1947 
The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers.
1948 
Not awarded.
1949 
Lord John Boyd Orr of Brechin (UK), director General Food and Agricultural Organization, president National Peace Council, president World Union of Peace Organizations.
1950 
Ralph Bunche for mediating in Palestine (1948).
1951 
Léon Jouhaux (France), president of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the UN.
1952 
Albert Schweitzer (France) for founding the Lambarene Hospital in Gabon.
1953 
American Secretary of State George Catlett Marshall for the Marshall Plan.
1954 
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
1955-1956 
Not awarded.
1957 
Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada), president of the 7th session of the United Nations General Assembly.
1958 
George Henri Pire (Belgium), leader of L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde, a relief organization for refugees.
1959 
Philip J. Noel-Baker (UK), for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation.
1960 
Albert John Lutuli (South Africa), president of the ANC (African National Congress).
1961 
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (Sweden), secretary-general of the UN (awarded posthumously).
1962 
Linus Carl Pauling (USA) for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing.
1963 
International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. : League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva.
1964 
Martin Luther King Jr (USA), campaigner for civil rights.
1965 
United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1966-1967 
Not awarded.
1968 
René Cassin (France), president of the European Court for Human Rights.
1969 
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), Geneva.
1970 
Norman Borlaug (USA), for research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
1971 
Willy Brandt (Germany), for West Germany's Ostpolitik, embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany.
1972 
Not awarded.
1973 
Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger (USA) and Foreign Minister Le Duc Tho (Vietnam, declined) for the Vietnam peace accord.
1974 
Séan Mac Bride (Ireland), president of the International Peace Bureau and the Commission of Namibia of the United Nations. : Eisaku Sato (Japan), prime minister.
1975 
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (USSR) for his campaigning for human rights.
1976 
Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan, founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People).
1977 
Amnesty International, London.
1978 
President Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat (Egypt) and Prime Minister Menachem Begin (Israel) for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel.
1979 
Mother Teresa (India)
1980 
[[Adolfo P�rez Esquivel]] (Argentina), human rights
1981 
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
1982 
Alva Myrdal (Sweden) and Alfonso García Robles (Mexico), delegates to the United Nations General Assembly on Disarmament.
1983 
Lech Walesa (Poland), founder of Solidarnosc and campaigner for human rights.
1984 
Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu (South Africa) for his work against apartheid.
1985 
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Boston.
1986 
Elie Wiesel (USA).
1987 
Oscar Arias Sanchez (Costa Rica) for initiating peace negotations in Central America.
1988 
The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces, New York.
1989 
Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.
1990 
President Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (USSR) for helping to end the Cold War.
1991 
Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma), opposition leader and human rights advocate.
1992 
Rigoberta Menchu Tum (Guatemala), for campaigning for human rights, especially for indigenous peoples.
1993 
President Nelson Mandela (South Africa) and Former President Frederik Willem de Klerk (South Africa).
1994 
PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat (Palestine), Foreign Minister Shimon Peres (Israel) and Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (Israel).
1995 
Joseph Rotblat (Poland/UK) and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, for their efforts in the fight against nuclear arms.
1996 
Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo (East Timor) and Jose Ramos-Horta (East Timor) for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor.
1997 
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams (VVAF) for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines.
1998 
John Hume (UK) and David Trimble (UK) for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.
1999 
Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels.
2000 
President Kim Dae Jung (South Korea) for his work for democracy and human rights, and in particular for peace and reconciliation with North Korea.
2001 
The United Nations and its secretary-general Kofi Annan (Ghana)
2002 
Jimmy Carter - former President of USA "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"
2009 
Barack Obama - for his work promoting abortion, releasing terrorists, leaving Poland and the Czech Republic undefended, ignoring Iranian election fraud protests, stifling Constitutional democracy in Honduras, embracing Hugo Chavez, giving vacuous speeches, insulting British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, bombing Afghanistan, giving tacky gifts to Queen Elizabeth II, bowing to king Abdullah, telling Jews where they can and cannot live, promoting homosexuality, apologizing for America, encouraging female submission by the hijab, embracing Islam, and elevating kindergarten "we tried hard!" attitudes to diplomatic high art.

See also: Pacifism, List of pacifists,Embarrassment,Sham

Decline

Barack Obama was selected for the 2009 Peace Prize. The ensuing international circle jerk of praise was nauseating and embarrassing. Regular Americans immediately recognized what a load of crap this was, but sadly part of a pattern of meritless winners. In acknowledging the award, Barack Obama invented from thin air the idea that the prize had previously been given to spur on change. In response to this ridiculous award, Nobel's ghost left its grave and dynamited the Peace Center in Oslo.

External links

References

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