List of Roman Emperors
From Wikinfo
[[de:Liste der r�mischen Kaiser]]
This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire.
(Note that, contrary to popular belief, Julius Caesar was never Emperor (princeps), although he was named dictator for life in 45 BC (but was not the first Roman to hold that title) and was regarded as such by Roman historians. On the other hand, the name Caesar became the family name of the first dynasty and was effectively treated as a title, a practice which continued throughout the Empire. Similarly, Suetonius wrote of The Twelve Caesars (including the Flavians) so some sense of continuity was evidently felt.)
For the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god, see imperial cult.
The Principate/Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Augustus (27 BC - AD 14)
- Tiberius (14 - 37)
- Gaius Caligula (37 - 41)
- Claudius (41 - 54)
- Nero (54 - 68)
Year of the four emperors
Flavian dynasty
Nervan-Antonian dynasty
- Nerva (96 - 98)
- Trajan (98 - 117)
- Hadrian (117 - 138)
- Antoninus Pius (138 - 161)
- Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180) (co-emperor Lucius Verus 161 - 169; throne claimed by Avidius Cassius 175)
- Commodus (180 - 193)
Severan dynasty
- Pertinax (193) (recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus)
- Septimius Severus (193 - 211) (throne was also claimed by Didius Julianus 193, Pescennius Niger 193 - 194, and Clodius Albinus 193 - 197)
- Caracalla (211 - 217)
- Macrinus (217 - 218)
- Heliogabalus (218 - 222)
- Alexander Severus (222 - 235)
Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century
- Maximinus Thrax (235 - 238)
- Gordian I and Gordian II (238)
- Pupienus and Balbinus (238)
- Gordian III (238 - 244) (throne claimed by Sabinianus 240)
- Philip the Arab (244 - 249) (throne claimed by Pacantius 248, Iotapianus 248, and Silbannacus)
- Decius (249 - 251) (throne claimed by Priscus 249 - 252, and Licinianus 250)
- Herennius Etruscus (251)
- Hostilian (251)
- Trebonianus Gallus (251 - 253)
- Aemilianus (253)
- Valerian I (253 - 260)
- Gallienus (260 - 268) (throne claimed by Ingenuus 260; Regalianus 260; Macrianus Major, Macrianus Minor and Quietus 260 – 261; Mussius Aemilianus 261 - 262; and Aureolus 268)
- Claudius II Gothicus (268 - 270)
- Quintillus (270)
- Aurelian (270 - 275) (throne claimed by Domitianus 270 - 271, and Septimius 271)
- Tacitus (275 - 276)
- Florianus (276)
- Probus (276-282) (throne claimed by Saturninus 280, Proculus 280, and Bonosus 280)
- Carus (282-283)
- Carinus (283-285) (co-emperor Numerian)
Tetrarchy
- Diocletian (284 - 305) (co-emperor Maximian 286 - 305)
- Constantius Chlorus (305-306) (co-emperor Galerius 305 - 311)
- Constantine I, the Great (306 - 337) (co-emperors Galerius, Licinius 308 - 324, and Maximinus Daia 308 - 313; throne claimed by Maxentius 306 - 312, and Domitius Alexander 308 - 309)
House of Constantine
- Constantius II (337 - 361) (together with Constantine II 337 - 340, and Constans 337 - 350; throne claimed by Magnentius 350 - 353)
- Julian (361 - 363). Also known as 'the Apostate'
- Jovian (363 - 364)
Valentinian dynasty
- Valentinian I (364 - 375) (co-emperor Valens 364 - 378; throne claimed by Procopius 365 - 366)
- Gratianus (375 - 383) (co-emperor Valentinian II, 375-392; throne claimed by Magnus Maximus, 383 - 388)
House of Theodosius
Western Empire
- Honorius (395 - 423) (co-emperor Constantius III 421; throne claimed by Priscus Attalus 409 - 410 and again in 414 - 415, Constantine III 409 - 411, and Jovinus, 411 - 412)
- Valentinian III (423 - 455) (throne also claimed by Joannes 423 - 425)
- Petronius Maximus (455)
- Avitus (456 - 457)
- Majorian (457 - 461)
- Libius Severus (461 - 465)
- Anthemius (467 - 472)
- Olybrius (472)
- Glycerius (473 - 474)
- Julius Nepos - (474 - 475/480)
- Romulus Augustus (a.k.a. Romulus Augustulus) 'last' western emperor (475 - 476)
Continued on the list of Barbarian kings of Italy
Eastern Empire
- Arcadius (395 - 408)
- Theodosius II (408 - 450)
- Marcian (450 - 457)
- Leo I (457 - 474)
- Leo II (474)
- Zeno (474 - 491)
- Basiliscus (475 - 476)
- Zeno (restored) (476 - 491)
Continuatued on the list of Byzantine Emperors
see also Gallic Empire; Roman usurper
External links
- There are good biographies of most of the Roman Emperors in De Imperatoribus Romanis.
References
- Adapted from the Wikipedia article, "List of Roman Emperors" http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Emperors June 24, 2004

