| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| 1950
| Short Code
| William F Schmidt, A.B. Tonik[1], J.R. Logan
| Brief Code
|
| 1950
| Birkbeck Assembler
| Kathleen Booth
| ARC
|
| 1951
| Superplan
| Heinz Rutishauser
| Plankalkül
|
| 1951
| ALGAE
| Edward A Voorhees and Karl Balke
| *
|
| 1951
| Intermediate Programming Language
| Arthur Burks
| Short Code
|
| 1951
| Regional Assembly Language
| Maurice Wilkes
| EDSAC
|
| 1951
| Boehm unnamed coding system
| Corrado Böhm
| Aiken CPC system
|
| 1951
| Klammerausdrücke
| Konrad Zuse
| Plankalkül
|
| 1951
| OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler
| Charles Katz
| Short Code
|
| 1951
| Stanislaus (Notation)
| Fritz Bauer
| *
|
| 1951
| Whirlwind assembler
| Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT Project Whirlwind
| EDSAC
|
| 1951
| Rochester assembler
| Nat Rochester
| EDSAC
|
| 1951
| Sort Merge Generator
| Betty Holberton
| *
|
| 1952
| A-0
| Grace Hopper
| C-10 and Short Code
|
| 1952
| Autocode
| Alick Glennie after Alan Turing
| Aiken CPC
|
| 1952
| Editing Generator
| Milly Koss
| SORT/MERGE
|
| 1952
| COMPOOL
| RAND/SDC
| *
|
| 1953
| Speedcoding
| John W. Backus
| *
|
| 1953
| READ/PRINT
| Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman
| *
|
| 1954
| Laning and Zierler system
| Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind
| *
|
| 1954
| Mark I Autocode
| Tony Brooker
| Glennie Autocode
|
| 1954-1955
| FORTRAN "0" (concept)
| Team led by John W. Backus at IBM
| Speedcoding
|
| 1954
| ARITH-MATIC
| Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC
| A-0
|
| 1954
| MATH-MATIC
| Team led by Charles Katz
| A-0
|
| 1954
| MATRIX MATH
| H G Kahrimanian
| *
|
| 1954
| IPL I (concept)
| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
| *
|
| 1955
| FLOW-MATIC
| Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC
| A-0
|
| 1955
| BACAIC
| M. Grems and R. Porter
|
|
| 1955
| PACT I
| SHARE
| FORTRAN, A-2
|
| 1955-6
| Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
| Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson
| Boehm
|
| 1955-6
| IT
| Team led by Alan Perlis
| Laning and Zerler
|
| 1955
| PRINT
| IBM
|
|
| 1958
| IPL II (implementation)
| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
| IPL I
|
| 1956-1958
| LISP (concept)
| John McCarthy
| IPL
|
| 1957
| COMTRAN
| Bob Bemer
| FLOW-MATIC
|
| 1957
| FORTRAN "I" (implementation)
| John W. Backus at IBM
| FORTRAN 0
|
| 1957-1958
| UNICODE
| Remington Rand UNIVAC
| MATH-MATIC
|
| 1957
| COMIT (concept)
|
| *
|
| 1958
| FORTRAN II
| Team led by John W. Backus at IBM
| FORTRAN I
|
| 1958
| ALGOL 58 (IAL)
| ACM/GAMM
| FORTRAN, IT and Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
|
| 1958
| IPL V
| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
| IPL II
|
| 1959
| FACT
| Fletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick
| *
|
| 1959
| COBOL (concept)
| The CODASYL Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
|
| 1959
| JOVIAL
| Jules Schwartz at SDC
| ALGOL 58
|
| 1959
| LISP (implementation)
| John McCarthy
| IPL
|
| 1959
| TRAC (concept)
| Mooers
|
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| 1960
| ALGOL 60
|
| ALGOL 58
|
| 1960
| COBOL 61 (implementation)
| The CODASYL Committee
| FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
|
| 1961
| COMIT (implementation)
|
| *
|
| 1962
| FORTRAN IV
|
| FORTRAN II
|
| 1962
| APL (concept)
| Iverson
| *
|
| 1962
| MAD
| Arden, et al.
| ALGOL 58
|
| 1962
| SIMULA (concept)
|
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1962
| SNOBOL
| Griswold, et al.
| FORTRAN II, COMIT
|
| 1963
| CPL
| Barron, Strachey, et al.
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1963
| SNOBOL3
| Griswold, et al.
| SNOBOL
|
| 1963
| ALGOL 68 (concept)
| van Wijngaarden, et al.
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1963
| JOSS I
| Cliff Shaw, RAND
| ALGOL 58
|
| 1964
| MIMIC
| H. E. Petersen, et al.
| MIDAS
|
| 1964
| COWSEL
| Burstall, Popplestone
| CPL, LISP
|
| 1964
| PL/I (concept)
| IBM
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|
| 1964
| BASIC
| Kemeny and Kurtz
| FORTRAN II, JOSS
|
| 1964
| IBM RPG
| IBM
| FARGO
|
| 1964
| Mark-IV
| Informatics
|
|
| 1964
| Speakeasy-2
| Stanley Cohen at Argonne National Laboratory
| Speakeasy
|
| 1964
| TRAC (implementation)
| Mooers
|
|
| 1964?
| IITRAN
|
|
|
| 1965
| TELCOMP
| BBN
| JOSS
|
| 1966
| JOSS II
| Chuck Baker, RAND
| JOSS I
|
| 1966
| ALGOL W
| Niklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1966
| FORTRAN 66
|
| FORTRAN IV
|
| 1966
| ISWIM (Concept)
| Landin
| LISP
|
| 1966
| CORAL66
|
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1967
| BCPL
| Richards
| CPL
|
| 1967
| MUMPS
| Massachusetts General Hospital
| FORTRAN, TELCOMP
|
| 1967
| APL (implementation)
| Iverson
| *
|
| 1967
| SIMULA 67 (implementation)
| Dahl, Myhrhaug, Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1967
| InterLisp
| D.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy
| Lisp
|
| 1967
| SNOBOL4
| Griswold, et al.
| SNOBOL3
|
| 1967
| XPL
| W. M. McKeeman, et al. at University of California Santa Cruz, California
J. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University
| PL/I
|
| 1968
| ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIP standard)
| A. van Wijngaarden, B.J. Mailloux, J.E.L. Peck and Cornelis H. A. Koster, et al.
| ALGOL 60
|
| 1968
| POP-1
| Burstall, Popplestone
| COWSEL
|
| 1968
| DIBOL-8
| DEC
| DIBOL
|
| 1968
| FORTH (concept)
| Moore
|
|
| 1968
| LOGO
| Papert
| LISP
|
| 1968
| MAPPER
| Unisys
| CRT RPS
|
| 1968
| REFAL (implementation)
| Valentin Turchin
| *
|
| 1969
| PL/I (implementation)
| IBM
| ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
|
| 1969
| B
| Ken Thompson, with contributions from Dennis Ritchie
| BCPL
|
| 1969
| PPL
| Thomas A. Standish at Harvard University
|
|
| 1969
| SETL
| Jack Schwartz at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
|
|
| 1969
| TUTOR
| University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
|
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| 1970?
| FORTH (implementation)
| Moore
|
|
| 1970
| POP-2
|
| POP-1
|
| 1970
| Pascal
| Wirth, Jensen
| ALGOL 60, ALGOL W
|
| 1971
| Sue
| Holt et al. at University of Toronto
| Pascal, XPL
|
| 1972
| Smalltalk
| Xerox PARC
| SIMULA 67
|
| 1972
| PL/M
| Kildall at Digital Research
| PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
|
| 1972
| C
| Dennis Ritchie
| B, BCPL, ALGOL 68
|
| 1972
| INTERCAL
| Don Woods and James M. Lyon
| *
|
| 1972
| Prolog
| Colmerauer
| 2-level W-Grammar
|
| 1973
| COMAL
| Christensen, Løfstedt
| Pascal, BASIC
|
| 1973
| ML
| Robin Milner
|
|
| 1973
| LIS
| Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull
| Pascal, Sue
|
| 1973
| Speakeasy-3
| Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National Laboratory
| Speakeasy-2
|
| 1974
| GRASS
| DeFanti
| BASIC
|
| 1974
| BASIC FOUR
| MAI BASIC Four Inc.
| Business BASIC
|
| 1975
| ABC
| Leo Geurts and Lambert Meertens
| SETL
|
| 1975
| Scheme
| Sussman, Steele
| LISP
|
| 1975
| Altair BASIC
| Gates, Allen
| BASIC
|
| 1975
| CS-4
| Miller, Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics
| ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL
|
| 1975
| Modula
| Wirth
| Pascal
|
| 1976
| Smalltalk-76
| Xerox PARC
| Smalltalk-72
|
| 1976
| Ratfor
| Kernighan
| C, FORTRAN
|
| 1976
| S
| John Chambers at Bell Labs
| APL, PPL, Scheme
|
| 1977
| FP
| John Backus
| *
|
| 1977
| Bourne Shell (sh)
| Bourne
| *
|
| 1977
| IDL
| David Stern of Research Systems Inc
| Fortran
|
| 1977
| Standard MUMPS
|
| MUMPS
|
| 1977
| Icon (concept)
| Griswold
| SNOBOL
|
| 1977
| Green
| Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull for US Dept of Defense
| ALGOL 68, LIS
|
| 1977
| Red
| Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense
| ALGOL 68, CS-4
|
| 1977
| Blue
| Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense
| ALGOL 68,
|
| 1977
| Yellow
| Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense
| ALGOL 68,
|
| 1978?
| MATLAB
| Moler at the University of New Mexico
| *
|
| 1978?
| SMALL
| Brownlee at the University of Auckland
| Algol60
|
| 1978
| SQL aka structured query language
| IBM
| Ingres
|
| 1978
| VisiCalc
| Bricklin, Frankston marketed by VisiCorp
| *
|
| 1979
| Modula-2
| Wirth
| Modula
|
| 1979
| REXX
| Cowlishaw
| PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
|
| 1979
| AWK
| Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan
| C, SNOBOL
|
| 1979
| Icon (implementation)
| Griswold
| SNOBOL
|
| 1979
| Vulcan dBase-II
| Ratliff
| *
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| 1990
| AMOS BASIC
| François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos
| STOS BASIC
|
| 1990
| Object Oberon
| H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer
| Oberon
|
| 1990
| J
| Iverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software
| APL, FP
|
| 1990
| Haskell
|
| Miranda
|
| 1990
| EuLisp
|
| Common Lisp, Scheme
|
| 1991
| Oberon-2
| Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth
| Object Oberon
|
| 1991
| Python
| Van Rossum
| ABC, ALGOL 68[2], Icon, Modula-3
|
| 1991
| Oz
| Gert Smolka and his students
| Prolog
|
| 1991
| Q
| Albert Gräf
|
|
| 1991
| Visual Basic
| Alan Cooper, sold to Microsoft
| QuickBASIC
|
| 1992
| Borland Pascal
|
| Turbo Pascal OOP
|
| 1992
| Dylan
| many people at Apple Computer
| Common Lisp, Scheme
|
| 1993?
| Z Shell (zsh)
|
| ksh
|
| 1993?
| Self (implementation)
| Sun Microsystems Inc.
| Smalltalk
|
| 1993
| Brainfuck
| Urban Müller
| *
|
| 1993
| FALSE
| Wouter van Oortmerssen
| Forth
|
| 1993
| Revolution Transcript
|
| HyperTalk
|
| 1993
| AppleScript
| Apple
| HyperTalk
|
| 1993
| K
| Arthur Whitney
| APL, Lisp
|
| 1993
| Ruby
| Yukihiro Matsumoto
| Smalltalk, Perl
|
| 1993
| Lua
| Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
| Lua
|
| 1993
| ZPL
| Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington
| C
|
| 1993
| NewtonScript
| Walter Smith
| Self, Dylan
|
| 1994
| ANSI Common Lisp
|
| Common Lisp
|
| 1994
| PHP
| Rasmus Lerdorf
| Perl
|
| 1994
| Pike
| Fredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping University
| LPC, C, µLPC
|
| 1994
| ANS Forth
| Elizabeth Rather, et al.
| Forth
|
| 1995
| Borland Delphi
| Anders Hejlsberg at Borland
| Borland Pascal
|
| 1995
| ColdFusion (CFML)
| Allaire
|
|
| 1995
| Java
| James Gosling at Sun Microsystems
| C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C
|
| 1995
| LiveScript
| Brendan Eich at Netscape
| Self, Java
|
| 1996
| Curl
| David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MIT
| Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
|
| 1996
| JavaScript
| Brendan Eich at Netscape
| LiveScript
|
| 1996
| Perl Data Language (PDL)
| Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller
| APL, Perl
|
| 1996
| R
| Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
| S
|
| 1996
| NetRexx
| Cowlishaw
| REXX
|
| 1996
| Lasso
| Blue World Communication
|
|
| 1997
| Component Pascal
| Oberon microsystems, Inc
| Oberon-2
|
| 1997
| E
| Mark S. Miller
| Joule, Original-E
|
| 1997
| Pico
| Free University of Brussels
| Scheme
|
| 1997
| Squeak Smalltalk
| Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer
| Smalltalk-80, Self
|
| 1997
| ECMAScript
| ECMA TC39-TG1
| JavaScript
|
| 1997
| F-Script
| Philippe Mougin
| Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C
|
| 1997
| ISLISP
| ISO Standard ISLISP
| Common Lisp
|
| 1997
| Tea
| Jorge Nunes
| Java, Scheme, Tcl
|
| 1997
| REBOL
| Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies
| Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo
|
| 1998
| Standard C++
| ANSI/ISO Standard C++
| C++, Standard C
|
| 1998
| Open Source Erlang
| Ericsson
| Erlang
|
| 1998
| Pikt
| Robert Osterlund (then at University of Chicago)
| AWK, Perl, Unix shell
|
| 1999
| XSLT (+ XPath)
| W3C, James Clark
| DSSSL
|
| 1999
| Game Maker Language (GML)
| Mark Overmars
| Game Maker
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
| 2000
| Join Java
| G Stewart von Itzstein
| Java
|
| 2000
| Joy
| von Thun
| FP, Forth
|
| 2000
| D
| Walter Bright at Digital Mars
| C, C++, C#, Java
|
| 2000
| XL
| Christophe de Dinechin
| Ada, C++, Lisp
|
| 2000
| C#
| Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft (ECMA)
| C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2
|
| 2000
| Ferite
| Chris Ross
| C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme
|
| 2001
| AspectJ
| Xerox PARC
| Java
|
| 2001
| Visual Basic .NET
| Microsoft
| Visual Basic
|
| 2002
| Io
| Steve Dekorte
| Self, NewtonScript
|
| 2003
| Nemerle
| University of Wrocław
| C#, ML, MetaHaskell
|
| 2003
| Factor
| Slava Pestov
| Joy, Forth, Lisp
|
| 2003
| Scala
| Martin Odersky
| Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
|
| 2003
| Squirrel
| Alberto Demichelis
| Lua
|
| 2004
| Subtext
| Jonathan Edwards
| *
|
| 2004
| Boo
| Rodrigo B. de Oliveira
| Python, C#
|
| 2004
| Groovy
| James Strachan
| Java
|
| 2005
| F#
| Don Syme at Microsoft Research
| Objective Caml, C#, Haskell
|
| 2005
| Seed7
| Thomas Mertes
| *
|
| 2006
| Links
| Philip Wadler, University of Edinburgh
| Haskell
|
| 2006
| Kite
| Mooneer Salem
| *
|
| 2006
| Windows PowerShell
| Microsoft
| C#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL
|
| 2007
| Fan
| Brian Frank, Andy Frank
| C#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang
|
| 2007
| Vala
| GNOME
| C#
|
| 2007
| Clojure
| Rich Hickey
| Lisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang
|
| 2007
| Oberon-07
| Wirth [1]
| Oberon
|
| Year
| Name
| Chief developer, Company
| Predecessor(s)
|
