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'''Christian Johann Heinrich Heine''' ([[December 13]], [[1797]] - [[February 17]], [[1856]]) was a [[Germany|German]] [[poet]].

<table align="right"><tr><td>[[Image:Heinrich_heine.jpg]]</td></tr></table>
Heine was born into a [[Judaism|Jewish]] family in [[D�sseldorf]], [[Germany]]. His father was a tradesman, who during the French occupation found new prospects opening up for Jews. When his father's business failed, Heine was sent to Hamburg, where his rich banker uncle Salomon tried to encourage him into a commercial career, without success. He studied law at the universities of G�ttingen, Bonn and [[Humboldt University|Berlin]], but was more interested in literature than law, although he eventually took a degree in [[1825]]. He converted to Protestantism that year.

Heine is best known for his [[lyric poetry]], much of which was set to [[music]] by [[lied]]er [[composer]]s, most notably [[Franz Schubert]] and [[Robert Schumann]].

As a poet Heine made his debut with "Gedichte" in 1821. Heine's one-sided infatuation with his cousins Amalie and Therese later inspired him to write some of his loveliest lyrics; "Buch der Lieder" (1827) was Heine's first comprehensive collection of verse.

Heine left Germany for [[Paris, France]] in [[1831]]. There he associated with [[utopian socialism|utopian socialists]], such as [[Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon|Count Saint-Simon]], who preached of an egalitarian classless paradise based on meritocracy. 

He remained in Paris, with the exception of a visit in [[1843]] to Germany, for the rest of his life. German authorities banned his works and those of others in the [[Young Germany]] movement in [[1835]].

Heine continued, however, to comment on German politics and society from a distance. Heine wrote "Deutschland: Ein Winterm�rchen&#8221; (&#8220;A Winter&#8217;s Tale&#8221;), an account of his visit to Germany the previous year and the political climate there, in [[1844]]; his friend, [[Karl Marx]], published it in his newspaper "Forwards" in [[1844]]. Heine also satirized the utopian politics of those opponents of the regime still in Germany in " Atta Troll: Ein Sommernachstraum " ("A Midsummer Night&#8217;s Dream") in [[1847]].

Heine wrote movingly of the experience of exile:

:IN DER FREMDE

:Ich hatte einst ein sch�nes Vaterland.
:Der Eichenbaum
:Wuchs dort so hoch, die Veilchen nickten sanft.
:Es war ein Traum.

:Das k�sste mich auf deutsch und sprach auf deutsch
:(Man glaubt es kaum
:Wie gut es klang) das Wort: "Ich liebe dich!"
:Es war ein Traum.

<table align=right><tr><td>[[Image:HeinrichHeineGrave.jpg]]</td></tr><tr><td><center>'''- ''Grave of Heinrich Heine''  -'''</center></td></tr></table>

Heine suffered from ailments that kept him bedridden for the last eight years of his life. He died in Paris and was interred in the [[Cimeti�re de Montmartre]].

=Quotations=

:. . . Dort, wo man B�cher
:verbrennt, verbrennt man auch am Ende Menschen.

:Where one begins by burning books
:One will end up burning people.
:Almansor ([[1821]])

:Dieu me pardonnera. C&#8217;est son m�tier.
:God will forgive me; it&#8217;s His trade.
:(on his deathbed)

===Selected works===
*	Gedichte, 1821
*	Trag�dien, nebst einem lyrischen Intermezzo, 1823
*	Reisebilder, 1826-31
*	Die Harzreise, 1826
*	Ideen, das Buch le Grand, 1827
*	Englische Fragmente, 1827
*	Buch der Lieder, 1827
*	Franz�sische Zust�nde, 1833
*	Zur Geschichte der neuren sch�nen Literatur in Deutschland, 1833 
*	Die romatische Schule, 1836
*	Der Salon, 1836-40
*	�ber Lunwig B�rne, 1840
*	Neue Gedichte, 1844 - New Poems
*	Deutchland. Ein Winterm�dchen, 1844 - Germany
*	Atta Troll, 1847
*	Romanzero, 1851
*	Der Doctor Faus, 1851
*	Les Dieux en Exil, 1853
*	Die Harzreise, 1853
*	Lutezia, 1854
*	Vermischte Schriften, 1854
*	Letzte Gedichte und Gedanken, 1869
*	S�mtliche Werke, 1887-90 (7 Vols.) 
*	S�mtliche Werke, 1910-20 
*	S�mtliche Werke, 1925-30 
*	Werke und Briefe, 1961-64 
*	S�mtliche Schriften, 1968

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====References====
* Adapted from the [[Wikipedia]] article, "Heinrich_Heine" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Heine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Heine], used under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]