Zelenograd

Zelenograd (Зеленогра́д, lit. Green City) is a, which, along with the territories and settlements under its jurisdiction, forms one of the of Moscow - Zelenograd Administrative Okrug (ZelAO). It is located 37 kmfrom the center of the Russian capital along highway. The city color is and its emblemic animal is the  (more precisely ).

Before 1989 Zelenograd was a de-facto closed city in some aspects: it was prohibited to take photos in the central parts of the city, near the plants, teaching and research facilities and the foreigners were not admitted into the city.

Zelenograd was one of the most powerful centers of, and  in the Soviet Union, and it still plays a similar role in modern Russia. It was developed as a reflection of the California and known also as Soviet/Russian Silicon Valley.

Geography
The originates near the village of Alabushevo (one of settlements, which are under Zelenograd jurisdiction) and forms three ponds within the precincts of city:  Pond (School Lake), Small and Large City Pond.

Overview
Zelenograd was founded in 1958 and planned as center of textile industry initially. In 1962 (Chairman of State Committee of Electronic Technology, then first Minister of Electronic Technology) proposed to change the line of future city business to electronics. According to Steve Usdin writing in Engineering Communism the city was authorized by Nikita Khrushchev and founded by Alfred Sarant (Soviet pseudonym Philip Staros) and Joel Barr (Joseph Berg), American engineers who had spied for the Soviet Union in the 1940s.

As Zelenograd was built de novo on a previously empty, forested place, its architecture and civic layout yields to one general (chief architects  (1956–1963), then  (1963–2002)).

In 1988, Zelenograd incorporated the former village of, one of the important sites during the Battle of Moscow (October 1941 – January 1942). Several monuments to the Defenders of Moscow and the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are located in Zelenograd and the surrounding area, the most famous of which is the Shtyki Memorial, from which the remains of the Unknown Soldier were taken for reinterment at the Kremlin Wall in the Alexander Garden in Moscow.

Industries
Zelenograd is home to the National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), which is largest organization of city.

Zelenograd was headquarters of Concerne since its founding in 1997 until 2005 (when its headquarters moved to Moscow). Now the city is the headquarters of its microelectroniс solutions department. The leading company of the department is (Mikron) - the one of two largest Russian s manufacturers. Also the city is the headquarters of, which is another largest Russian ICs manufacturer.

Zelenograd is one of technical-innovative type Special economic zones. SEZ "Zelenograd" consists of 2 areas: Area "Alabushevo" (141.87 ha), a main area for new plants and research centers and Area "MIET" (4.47 ha), a technology park (mostly MIET spin-off enterprises).

Administrative divisions
Zelenograd is divided into five districts.
 * (Матушкино), earlier Number 1
 * (Савёлки), earlier Number 2
 * (Старое Крюково), earlier Number 3
 * (Силино), earlier Number 4
 * (Крюково)

Sports
A local soccer team  (nickname — Zeleno-Belye (Green-Whites)) was founded in 2002 and in 2007-2010 had been playing in the Russian Second Division. A local rugby team Zelenograd was founded in 2006 and played in Russian Rugby Championship 2008 (but it could not get to Championship 2009).

Sister cities

 * 🇺🇸 Tulsa (Oklahoma, U.S.)
 * 🇩🇪 (Bavaria, Germany)

Patronized ships

 * Landing ship , Black Sea Fleet (since 1998)
 * Nuclear submarine , Pacific Ocean Fleet (1998–2010, retired)
 * Supply ship Berezina, Black Sea Fleet (1995–1997, retired)