World War II

World War II was a global conflict taking place from 1939 to 1945 and involving all of the world's major powers. It began when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, and the United Kingdom and France declared war to defend Poland. However, after the invasion of Poland, for several months, no battle were fought. In Spring 1940, Nazi Germany launched a "Blitzkrieg offensive" and overran most of Europe. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded its previous ally, the Soviet Union, and advanced all the way up to Moscow. In Asia, the Empire of Japan had launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor against the United States, then quickly conquered most of Southeast Asia. In 1942, both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan suffered defeats at Stalingrad and Midway, respectively. By 1943, the tides were turning and Nazi Germany was pushed out of North Africa. From 1944 to 1945, Allied troops landed on the Normandy beaches and forced Nazi Germany to fight on two front. They surrendered in May 1945. In August 1945, the United States, unable to make Japan surrender, dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.

1939
The war began on September 2, 1939, when Nazi Germany launched a full-scale invasion of Poland after several border skirmishes. Poland was conquered in a month, and Germany transported its troops to the Western Front for an invasion of France.

1940
1940 saw the invasion of France in early spring. Although the Allies had numerical superiority, the German Blitzkrieg tactics worked so well that France fell in weeks. By the end of 1940 most of Europe, except neutral Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, and unconquered Great Britain, was in the hands of either Hitler or his allies.

1941
In June 1941, Germany launched a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. While initially the Soviet Union suffered massive defeats, by November their offensive had ground to a halt before the Russian winter. Meanwhile, in the Pacific, on December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor without warning and destroyed most ships docked there. Simultaneously, they attacked French Indochina, British Burma and Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, and the American Philippines.

1942
In Spring 1942, Japan lost two major battles. The first battle, the Battle of the Coral Sea, resulted in heavier American losses but the Japanese invasion of New Guinea was thwarted. The second battle, the Battle of Midway, saw Japan lose her four largest aircraft carriers, as well as many other ships. This essentially removed the offensive heart of the Japanese Navy, and put her on the defense. Later that year, after months of occupation, a German army at Stalingrad was surrounded and forced to surrender. This is notable as the first major defeat of the Wehrmacht. In Africa, Italy, Germany's ally, had attacked French Algeria and British Egypt, but was coming under fire. Hitler sent his troops under Erwin Rommel, who brought most of North Africa under German control.

1943
In 1943, the Eastern Front had begun to shift west after the battle of Kursk as the Soviets gained momentum. In Africa, American troops landed at Tunisia and pushed out the Germans. Then they landed in Sicily, and up through the Italian Pennesula and pushed out Italian Dictator Mussolini. In the Pacific the Americans contiuned to succeed in the Island Hop strategy.

1944
In 1944, the war turned decisively to the Allies favor. On the Eastern Front, the Soviet Union was nearing German territory. On June 6, 1944, the Allies landed 144,000 troops on the beaches of Normandy. They quickly liberated most of France. In the Pacific, most of Southeast Asia under Japanese control had been recaptured and the bombing of Japanese cities began.

1945
By late April 1945, Germany was essentially defeated, the Soviets took Berlin in Late April, after Adolf Hitler commited suecide the remnents of the Nazi Party surrenderedo on may 8th. In August 1945, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan and obtained their surrender on September 2, 1945. Six years after it had begun, it was finally over.

2. verdenskrig Segunda Guerra Mundial