Template:Vcite journal/doc

These templates format citations to sources. They have the following major variants:
 * vcite book for books
 * vcite journal for articles in academic journals and similar periodicals. You can use the Diberri template filler to generate this template, by replacing " " with " " in its output.
 * vcite news for articles in newspapers and similar news sources
 * vcite web for web pages, that is, sources published as part of web sites that are not books, journals, or news

These templates can be used in Wikipedia footnotes and in article sections that list sources. They generally follow the Vancouver system as specified by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). For performance reasons they do not generate COinS metadata (see Rationale below); otherwise, they act much like cite book, cite journal, etc.

Usage
See Examples below for filled-out examples.

Common parameters

 * Entire book (see example) :
 * Contribution to a book (see example) :
 * Journal article (see example) :
 * News article (see example) :
 * Web page (see example) :

All main parameters
The core templates have names starting with, such as vcite book. Each such template has a variant whose name starts with, such as vancite book, which supports some extra parameters for backward compatibility, but is slower and more complicated.


 * Book (see example) :
 * News article (see example) :
 * Web page (see example) :

Terminology

 * article: an individual article or document within a journal or newspaper
 * book: an entire major published work
 * chapter: a single part of or contribution to a book: this might be a chapter, or some other part such as an appendix, figure, or table
 * journal: academic journal, magazine, or any other archival periodical publication
 * newspaper: a newspaper or any similar periodical publication
 * web page: a web page that is not part of a book, journal, or newspaper. When citing a web page, it is important to identify the source. At the very least this should include an author; when possible, it should also include the publisher or homepage of the web site in question. For example, when citing comments by Professor X at the web page  it's good practice to also cite the title of Professor X's homepage, which you might find by consulting.

Parameters

 * Date: Date the URL (see url) was last accessed and checked; see Dates. This parameter is intended to be used for websites that typically change pages after they are published; it is not normally needed for websites that do not typically change published pages, such as pages in archival journals.
 * Agency: The news agency that distributed the article, as in Associated Press or Reuters.
 * Date: Date the resource was archived as described under archiveurl; see Dates.
 * URL: The URL of an copy of the resource identified by url, if (or in case) the original resource is unavailable. This is typically used to refer to services like  and the.
 * Type: The type of journal article. This should be omitted for standard articles. When specified, the most common values are abstract and letter; other values include book review, editorial, and interview.
 * Location: The location in a book of the chapter or part being identified. By convention, use pages if the location is a page or range of pages, and use at if the location is something else, such as [about 10 p.].
 * Author(s): Author or authors of the resource. See Authors.
 * For vcite book, if editor is also given this is assumed to be the author of the chapter, otherwise of the book. If the entire book has both authors and other contributors, such as editors or translators, list the latter under secondaryauthor. If the entire book has no listed authors, but only editors or other contributors, list them here and omit secondaryauthor. If a chapter is being cited but it is not by different authors or editors than the entire book, list the contributors here and omit editor.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period (.), specify an empty author. parameter to suppress any duplicate periods in the output.
 * Bibcode: The journal article's in the, as in 1924MNRAS..84..308E.
 * Chapter title: Title of the part of the book being cited; often this is a chapter title. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_chapter.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty chapter. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the chapter.
 * Date: Date the chapter's URL (see chapterurl) was last accessed and checked; see Dates.
 * Format: The format of the resource that chapterurl links to. Specify PDF for . Omit if the article is published in HTML or XHTML. This is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
 * ID: Identification for the chapter, as in Appendix A.
 * Language: The language of the chapter, if not English. This need not be given if it is the same as language.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the chapter was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates. This need not be given if it is the same as updated.
 * URL: URL of the chapter. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the book has no other identification such as isbn. When giving this parameter, also give chapteraccessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * Column: The column number the newspaper article started in, as in 3.
 * type: The type of book, if it is not a standard book. Possible values include dissertation, master's thesis, and bibliography.
 * Date: Date of publication; see Dates.
 * For book publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
 * For journals, the month and day are optional unless volume and issue are both missing. For journal publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
 * For newspapers it is best to give the full date.
 * For web pages, omit this if it is the same as homedate.
 * DOI: A for the chapter, book, or journal article, such as 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1153:TAFSIA>2.3.CO;2.
 * For books, if chapter is also given,  should be the DOI for the chapter if available. Often the two DOIs are related; for example, the chapter with DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45 belongs to a book with DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4.
 * Date: The most recent date that  was checked and found to be not working; see Dates. This can happen when a publication is transferred to a new publisher which does not provide DOI access.   is still shown, but without a link, and the article is placed in Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY , where  YYYY  }} is the date's year.
 * Edition: The edition or version being cited, if the source is published in more than one edition.
 * With books, this is equivalent to editionphrase, except that it appends " ed." instead of just a period; common values include 2nd, 3rd, and Rev. See editionphrase for details.
 * With journals, this uses the same sort of abbreviations as the journal parameter, for example, Off Ed for Office Edition.
 * With newspapers, capitalize each important word and use common abbreviations, as in Metro Ed. and English Ed.
 * Edition phrase: For books, a complete phrase specifying the edition or version being cited, if the book is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The editionphrase parameter should be used instead of edition if "." should be appended rather than the typical " ed." Examples where this might be needed include foreign-language editions such as Shohan and other phrases such as 2009–2010 ed., fully rev. and expand.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, specify an empty editionphrase. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the edition phrase.
 * Editor(s): Editor or editors of the book. This uses the same format as for author; see Authors.  should contain roles, as in Smith RB, editor and Smith RB, Jones WR, editors. When both author and editor are given, it is assumed that the authors contributed a chapter to the editors' book, and chapter should also be given. Otherwise, the editors are listed in place of the authors. If the entire book has both authors and editors, the editors should be listed under secondaryauthor.
 * Format: The type of medium for the source. Specify PDF if url specifies a resource in . Omit format if the source is published in HTML or XHTML. Other possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm for books, and video, videocast, and podcast for web pages. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
 * For journal and news sources, this parameter is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
 * ID: An anchor suitable for Harvard citations; see Anchors. For example, the SmithJones2010 might be used as a target of the Harvard citation, and it is equivalent to ref. If harvid and ref are both given, harvid is ignored.
 * Homepage title: The homepage's title; see Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_home.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty home. parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the homepage title.
 * Date: Date the homepage (see homeurl) was last accessed and checked; see Dates.
 * Date: Date of publication for the home page; see Dates.
 * Edition: The edition or version of the homepage being cited. This is equivalent to editionphrase, except that it appends " ed." instead of just a period.
 * Edition phrase: The edition or version being cited, if the homepage is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The editionphrase parameter should be used instead of homeedition if "." should be appended rather than the typical " ed."
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, specify an empty homeeditionphrase. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the homepage edition phrase.
 * Format: The type of medium for the homepage, as in PDF; see format. The NLM Vancouver style specifies Internet as the only value, and it also specifies a content type prefix of homepage, as in homepage on the Internet.
 * Language: The language of the homepage, if not English.
 * Notes: Any further information about the homepage. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed. End it with a period.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the homepage was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates.
 * URL: URL of the homepage. When giving this parameter, also give homeaccessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * ID: A, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter such as isbn or oclc is also given. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used.
 * ID: A, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter is also given, such as doi, isbn, oclc, or pmid. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used, as in , which generates . Other ID-generating templates include arxiv, JFM, JSTOR MathSciNet, and Zbl.
 * isbn: The book's such as 978-0-231-14636-4. The hyphens may be omitted, as in 9780231146364. Prefer 13- to 10-digit ISBNs if both are available. Convert an SBN to an ISBN by prefixing it with a zero. See ISBN for more about ISBNs in Wikipedia.
 * Issue: The issue number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "number" or "no." If it is a range, use an, as in 1–2. Issues may be named, as in Anniversary issue, or an issue supplement or part, as in 3 Suppl, 16 Suppl Pt 1, or a special number, as in 3 Spec No.
 * Journal name: Name of the journal. This should be the name as it was published at the time. In the NLM Vancouver style, journal names are abbreviated by omitting insignificant words and replacing the rest with abbreviations, with no periods. For example, The Journal of Biocommunication becomes J Biocommun without any periods. Lists of standard journal abbreviations are available. In some other styles, journal names are spelled out in full, or contain periods after abbreviations.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty journal. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the journal name.
 * Format: The type of medium for the entire journal. Possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
 * Language: The language of the source, if not English.
 * Date: The lay summary's publication date; see Dates.
 * Source: The lay summary's source, for example, New York Times.
 * URL: The URL of the lay summary, which could be in the popular press.
 * Location: Place of publication. For newspapers this is appended to the newspaper name, in parentheses; see work.
 * Notes: Any further information. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed. End it with a period.
 * OCLC: The book's number, such as 3185581. This is particularly useful for older books that lack an ISBN.
 * Pages: The page number or numbers of the source. Use in page ranges, as in 99–106. For a single hyphenated page number such as "3‑5", use a  ("‑" or " ") rather than a regular hyphen, so that it is not inadvertently changed to an en dash by another editor or by a bot. In the NLM Vancouver style, a page range does not repeat page numbers (for example, 1447–50 rather than 1447–1450) unless they are followed by a letter (for example, 1447A–1450A).
 * For books, use the page numbers of the chapter, as in 100 or 37, 39. In accordance with the Vancouver style, this will be displayed with a leading "p. ", regardless of whether the argument is a single page number or several numbers.
 * For journals, use the page numbers of the journal article.
 * For news, use the page numbers of the article, if the printed edition was consulted. In the NLM Vancouver style, only the first page number is given.
 * For web pages, use this if only part of the web page is being cited. For example, if the URL is a PDF file, this might be 603–4.
 * Pagination: The total number of pages in the book, followed by a space and "p", as in 495 p. Or if the book is multivolume, list the number of volumes followed by a space and "vol", as in 4 vol. Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use pages or at instead of pagination.
 * Part ID: Use this when citing just a part of the article. Give the article's identification for the part, as in Table 2 or Figure 1A.
 * Part pages: The page or pages of the part being cited, in the same format as pages.
 * Part title: The title of the part being cited. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_parttitle. This can be combined with partid and pages to produce most citations for article parts; complex examples, such as citing parts available in multiple languages, should be placed at the end of notes instead.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, and if no partp is given, specify an empty parttitle. parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the title.
 * Part URL: The URL of the part being cited, if this differs from that of the article.
 * Physical description: The book's physical characteristics if it requires special equipment to read, as in 3 microfiche, blue & white, negative, 5×10&amp;cm. If this is given format should also be given.
 * PMC: The article's number, such as 2699548. This provides free full-text access.
 * PMID: The article's, as in 15128012. This provides access to an abstract and citation, and is a standard identifier in medicine and health-related fields. It may be useful even if doi is available, as it may point to a freely readable copy when the DOI does not, and PubMed servers are often more reliable than servers for DOIs.
 * Publisher: The organization or individual that issued the resource. This can be abbreviated if well-known, for example, Wiley for John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
 * For books, use the publisher's name as recorded in the book.
 * For news, this parameter should normally not be used; it is present only for backward compatibility with cite news. In practice, agency or work should be used instead.
 * For web pages, se the publisher's name as recorded in the homepage.
 * Quote: An optional brief and relevant except from the source. It is surrounded by double quotes "like this", so it should use single-quotes internally.
 * Anchor: An anchor for this citation; see Anchors. It should begin with a letter.
 * Secondary author(s): Editors, translators, illustrators, and other secondary authors. See Authors.  should contain roles, as in Smith RB, editor and Wu RB, Jones WR, illustrators.
 * For books, this parameter should refer to the entire book (not just to a chapter), and should be used only if author is also used; in the common case where the author wrote a chapter of a book that has an editor, use editor for the editors instead of secondaryauthor.
 * Section: This is convenient shorthand for Sect. Section.
 * Section phrase: The section of the newspaper that the article was published in, as in Home & Family. By convention, use section if this is a number.
 * Series: The name of the series of the book.
 * Editor(s): The editor or editors of the series, followed by ", editor"; see Authors. The series parameter should also be specified.
 * Volume phrase: The volume or number of the book in the series, using the same terminology the source uses, as in no. 7, vol. 7, or just plain 7. The series parameter should also be specified.
 * Volume: A convenience parameter; 7 is equivalent to vol. 7.
 * Size: The size of the web page, as in 950 kB, about 15 screens, 5 p., about 10 p., 4 paragraphs. If it contains a podcast or other timed data, specify its duration, as in about 30 sec. or 2 min., 31 sec.}
 * Title: Title of the source. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_title.
 * For books, this is the title of the entire book.
 * For journals and news, this is the title of the article.
 * For web pages, this is the title of the web page.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark, exclamation point or period, specify an empty title. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
 * Translated chapter title: Translation of chapter (the chapter title) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated homepage title: Translation of home (the homepage title) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated title of article part: Translation of parttitle (the title of the article part) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated title: Translation of title (the title) into English. See Titles.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the source was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates.
 * URL: URL of the source. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the source has no other identification such as doi, id, or isbn. When giving this parameter, also give accessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * For books, this should point to the entire book. If it is just a chapter, use chapterurl.
 * For journals and news, this should point to the entire article.
 * For journals, if it just a part of the article, use parturl. The URL should not point to ; use pmc for that.
 * For the web, this should point to the individual web page.
 * Volume:
 * For books, the volume number of a multivolume book. This is a convenience parameter; 7 is equivalent to Vol. 7.
 * For journals, the volume number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "volume" or "vol." If it is a range, use an en dash, as in 1–2.
 * Pagination: The total number of pages in the book volume, followed by a space and "p", as in 495 p. Other formats are also allowed, in unusual cases, such as p. 1027–997 for a volume that is continuously paged from the previous volume. Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use pages or at instead of pagination.
 * Volume: Which volume of the book was cited. Use an Arabic number, such as Vol. 3 or Pt. 3. This parameter is intended for multivolume books, when only one volume is being cited; for books that are volumes in a series, use seriesvolumephrase instead.
 * Volume title: Title of book volume. See Titles.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty volumetitle. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
 * Work name: Name of the newspaper or other published work that contains the news article. This should be the name as it was published at the time. Do not abbreviate the newspaper name, except it is OK to omit a leading "The", as in New York Times. If the title does not indicate where the newspaper is published, add the location, as in The (Baltimore) Sun and Daily Nation (Nairobi); if a location is not well-known, follow it with the state or country, as in The Record (Stockton, CA), East Valley (AZ) Tribune, and Le Journal du Jura (Bienne, Switzerland). For convenience, if the parenthesized part is at the end, location can be used instead, as in "Daily Nation Nairobi".
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty work. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the work name.
 * Format: The type of medium for the entire newspaper or other published work. Possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.

Formats
Typically, parameter values are displayed as entered, without reformatting or linking. This section gives advice as to how to format commonly-used parameters.

Authors
Authors should be formatted consistently within a Wikipedia article's citations. There is no Wikipedia-wide consensus about what format to use for authors. The Vancouver system suggests one of two main styles:


 * Commas separating authors: Use the author's surname (as spelled by the author) and then initials, with no punctuation within an author's name. Convert family rank to Arabic ordinals such as 3rd but keep Sr and Jr alone. Omit degrees, titles, and honors. Romanize non-roman alphabets. Spell out organizational authors, and separate them from other authors with semicolons. Omit "Anonymous". Some examples:
 * Smith RB, Hu AL
 * O'Malley AR, L'Engle JZ, S'adeh M, St Cloud M, Smythe-Jones ER
 * van der Platt J, Happé J, Sanchez Garcia JM, Lopez y Fuentes P
 * Smith RC Jr, Jones B III, Barney MR Jr; American College of Academics


 * Semicolons separating authors: This is similar, except separate authors with a semicolon, and spell out author names in full, surname first, with comma separating surname from given name and with periods following abbreviations. Some examples:
 * Smith, Roger B.; Hu, Albert L.
 * Smith, Robert C. Jr; Jones, Bertram III; Barney, Max R. Jr; American College of Academics

If the contributors to a book are not authors, follow their names with a comma and their role. The role should not be abbreviated. Separate multiple roles with a semicolon. Some examples:


 * Smith RB, editor
 * Smith RB, Hu AL, editors
 * Jones AR, translator; Joseph RW, illustrator

If there are many authors, replace the trailing authors with et al. or and others. Typically the first three or six authors are kept. In one variant, all authors are listed unless there are more than six authors, in which case just the first three are listed. The limit of three or six often applies separately to individual and to institutional authors.

Dates
Like authors, there is no consensus about which date format to use in citations. Dates should use a consistent format within an article, and this format need not be the same as in the article's prose. Some formats are specified by the Vancouver system, and some other formats are also in common use.

All formats allow a plain year, such as 2009, to stand for that year.


 * Vancouver dates: The Vancouver system uses the following date formats:
 * 2009 Jan 2 for the second day of January in 2009. Use three-letter English-language month abbreviations, with no periods. 2009 Jan stands for the entire month.
 * 2009 Winter for seasons. Use English-language season names without abbreviation.
 * 2009 Dec 31–2010 Jan 7 for date ranges. Separate the dates with en dashes. Other examples: 2009 Dec–2010 Jan if days are omitted, 2009–2010 if months are omitted, 2009 Jan–Feb if years are the same (and similarly for seasons), and 2009 Jan 1–10 if months are the same.
 * YYYY-MM-DD: 2009-01-02 for the second day of January in 2009. This format is useful for citations that may be reused in foreign-language Wikipedias, since it is recognized globally.
 * Day Month Year: 2 January 2009 for the same example, and January 2009 for the entire month.
 * Month Day, Year: January 2, 2009 for the same example, and January 2009 for the entire month.

Titles
Use sentence case, the same way that you would capitalize an ordinary sentence, to capitalize the title of a minor work such as a chapter or article. Do this even if the original title capitalizes every word.

Use title case, in which every important word is capitalized, to capitalize the title of a major work such as a book, volume, journal, or newspaper. (The NLM Vancouver style uses sentence case even for book and volume titles, but Wikipedia style is to use title case.)

If a title value is in a foreign language, put its translation into trans_title, and similarly for chapter and trans_chapter, for home and trans_home, and for parttitle and trans_parttitle. This will display as the original title followed by the translation in square brackets. The original title is often omitted as it is rarely important to English language readers. If including the original title, use the appropriate case of the source language; for example, for the book Man's Fate one might use "La Condition humaine Man's Fate".

Use ": " to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other punctuation is already present.

Anchors
The Anchor parameter adds an anchor to the citation, so that it can be a target of a wikilink to the citation, as in. This is useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.

Harvard references such as harv are a common form of parenthetical referencing, and the ID parameter is a convenient way to generate an anchor suitable for Harvard referencing templates. The contents of this parameter should be the last names of the authors of the citation (omitting any authors after the first four), followed by the year, all jammed together without spaces or punctuation. For example, article prose might contain the markup, which generates the Harvard reference. To have this link to a citation, use PehNg2009, such as in the following:

This generates the following citation:

This citation is the target of the Harvard reference. To see how it works, click on the "".

Compatibility
These templates are intended to be used in place of cite book, cite journal, etc. For efficiency reasons they do not support all uses of cite book etc., but they do support the following commonly used and documented parameters.


 * Day: See year.
 * Month: See year.
 * Page: The default value for pages.
 * Year: The year of publication. This provides a default value for date. If year is used and the citation is to a relatively timely source such as a newspaper or a web page, the parameters month and day also contribute to the default date.

The following backward-compatibility arguments are supported by vancite book etc., but for simplicity and performance reasons they are not supported by vcite book etc. This is the only way in which the  and   variants disagree. New uses of these templates should avoid these parameters, and should use the main parameters listed above.


 * Location:
 * For books, this parameter is supported by vcite book as well as by vancite book.
 * For journals, the default value for pages.
 * Similarly for the web, except that leading "p. " is not prepended.
 * Author: The first author. Similarly for author2, author3, etc.
 * URL: A wikilink to be placed around the author. Similarly for authorlink1, authorlink2, etc.
 * Mask: Mask for the author, for books and journals.
 * Separator: Separator between authors' last and first names, for journals.
 * Separator: Separator between authors, for journals.
 * URL: Equivalent to author2.
 * N: Display at most  authors, for journals.
 * Editor: The first editor, for books. Similarly for editor2, editor3, etc.
 * Name: First name of first editor, for books. Similarly for editor2-first, editor3-first, etc.
 * Name: Last name of first ecditor, for books. Similarly for editor2-last, editor3-last, etc.
 * Page: A wikilink to be placed around the first editor, for books. Similarly for editor1-link, editor2-link, editor3-link, etc.
 * Name: First name of first author. Similarly for first1, first2, etc.
 * Journal name: The default value for work, for news.
 * Name: Last name of first author. Similarly for last1, last2, etc.
 * Boolean: Whether to use "&amp;" before the last author's name, for books.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals; and the default value for home, for web pages.

The following cite book parameters are not supported.

The following cite journal parameters are not supported. Typically their values should be folded into the values of related parameters.


 * : Parameters associated with a citation to the entire journal are not displayed by cite journal and vancite journal; these parameters would be suitable for a vcite entire journal template, should one be written. Such parameters are usually not needed; exceptional cases can be folded into notes.


 * Periods after parameters: If the title parameter's value ends in a period, question mark, or exclamation point, the period that normally follows the title can be suppressed by specifying an empty title. parameter. Parameters such as author. behave similarly. Parameters such as title. and author. are not needed with cite book etc., which punctuates these parameters differently.

Examples




















Rationale
This template was originally designed to attack a major problem with citation, cite book, etc.: these templates generate pages that can take way too long to load while browsing and editing. The initial version of the revised templates improved the page-generation time for Autism by a factor of two, and reduced the size of its HTML by over 35%.

To improve performance, this template omits the following features of cite book, cite journal, etc., roughly in descending order of importance:


 * COinS metadata, which greatly bloats the output of citation, cite book, cite journal, etc. Readers who want COinS data can get it by copying a page into a sandbox and replacing all instances of " " or " " with " ". Perhaps a gadget or tool will be developed to automate this task.
 * Wikilinks from each instance of "doi" to Digital object identifier, from each instance of "ISBN" to International Standard Book Number, from each instance of "PMID" to PMID, etc. Not only do these links consume needless bytes, they are not that useful and they typically constitute overlinking.
 * Automatically-generated Harvard references. The Vancouver style is normally used with numbered footnotes, not with Harvard references, so this deficiency is not serious. Harvard references can still be done fairly easily with harvid; see Anchors.
 * The  variants do not support fancy ways of formatting authors and editors, with parameters like coauthors, last8, editor2-first, and editor3-link. Please format author names and links the way you prefer them, inside author. Or you can use vancite book etc., which do support fancy formatting, at some cost in simplicity and performance.
 * Boldface volume numbers. Boldfacing is not needed in the Vancouver style, and would be a distracting visual cue.
 * Quote marks around titles of chapter or article titles. This is not part of the Vancouver style.

Usage
See Examples below for filled-out examples.

Common parameters

 * Entire book (see example) :
 * Contribution to a book (see example) :
 * Journal article (see example) :
 * News article (see example) :
 * Web page (see example) :

All main parameters
The core templates have names starting with, such as vcite book. Each such template has a variant whose name starts with, such as vancite book, which supports some extra parameters for backward compatibility, but is slower and more complicated.


 * Book (see example) :
 * News article (see example) :
 * Web page (see example) :

Terminology

 * article: an individual article or document within a journal or newspaper
 * book: an entire major published work
 * chapter: a single part of or contribution to a book: this might be a chapter, or some other part such as an appendix, figure, or table
 * journal: academic journal, magazine, or any other archival periodical publication
 * newspaper: a newspaper or any similar periodical publication
 * web page: a web page that is not part of a book, journal, or newspaper. When citing a web page, it is important to identify the source. At the very least this should include an author; when possible, it should also include the publisher or homepage of the web site in question. For example, when citing comments by Professor X at the web page  it's good practice to also cite the title of Professor X's homepage, which you might find by consulting.

Parameters

 * Date: Date the URL (see url) was last accessed and checked; see Dates. This parameter is intended to be used for websites that typically change pages after they are published; it is not normally needed for websites that do not typically change published pages, such as pages in archival journals.
 * Agency: The news agency that distributed the article, as in Associated Press or Reuters.
 * Date: Date the resource was archived as described under archiveurl; see Dates.
 * URL: The URL of an archived copy of the resource identified by url, if (or in case) the original resource is unavailable. This is typically used to refer to services like WebCite and the Internet Archive.
 * Type: The type of journal article. This should be omitted for standard articles. When specified, the most common values are abstract and letter; other values include book review, editorial, and interview.
 * Location: The location in a book of the chapter or part being identified. By convention, use pages if the location is a page or range of pages, and use at if the location is something else, such as [about 10 p.].
 * Author(s): Author or authors of the resource. See Authors.
 * For vcite book, if editor is also given this is assumed to be the author of the chapter, otherwise of the book. If the entire book has both authors and other contributors, such as editors or translators, list the latter under secondaryauthor. If the entire book has no listed authors, but only editors or other contributors, list them here and omit secondaryauthor. If a chapter is being cited but it is not by different authors or editors than the entire book, list the contributors here and omit editor.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period (.), specify an empty author. parameter to suppress any duplicate periods in the output.
 * Bibcode: The journal article's bibcode in the Astrophysics Data System, as in 1924MNRAS..84..308E.
 * Chapter title: Title of the part of the book being cited; often this is a chapter title. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_chapter.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty chapter. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the chapter.
 * Date: Date the chapter's URL (see chapterurl) was last accessed and checked; see Dates.
 * Format: The format of the resource that chapterurl links to. Specify PDF for Portable Document Format. Omit if the article is published in HTML or XHTML. This is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
 * ID: Identification for the chapter, as in Appendix A.
 * Language: The language of the chapter, if not English. This need not be given if it is the same as language.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the chapter was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates. This need not be given if it is the same as updated.
 * URL: URL of the chapter. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the book has no other identification such as isbn. When giving this parameter, also give chapteraccessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * Column: The column number the newspaper article started in, as in 3.
 * type: The type of book, if it is not a standard book. Possible values include dissertation, master's thesis, and bibliography.
 * Date: Date of publication; see Dates.
 * For book publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
 * For journals, the month and day are optional unless volume and issue are both missing. For journal publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
 * For newspapers it is best to give the full date.
 * For web pages, omit this if it is the same as homedate.
 * DOI: A digital object identifier for the chapter, book, or journal article, such as 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1153:TAFSIA>2.3.CO;2.
 * For books, if chapter is also given,  should be the DOI for the chapter if available. Often the two DOIs are related; for example, the chapter with DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45 belongs to a book with DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4.
 * Date: The most recent date that  was checked and found to be not working; see Dates. This can happen when a publication is transferred to a new publisher which does not provide DOI access.   is still shown, but without a link, and the article is placed in Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY , where  YYYY  }} is the date's year.
 * Edition: The edition or version being cited, if the source is published in more than one edition.
 * With books, this is equivalent to editionphrase, except that it appends " ed." instead of just a period; common values include 2nd, 3rd, and Rev. See editionphrase for details.
 * With journals, this uses the same sort of abbreviations as the journal parameter, for example, Off Ed for Office Edition.
 * With newspapers, capitalize each important word and use common abbreviations, as in Metro Ed. and English Ed.
 * Edition phrase: For books, a complete phrase specifying the edition or version being cited, if the book is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The editionphrase parameter should be used instead of edition if "." should be appended rather than the typical " ed." Examples where this might be needed include foreign-language editions such as Shohan and other phrases such as 2009–2010 ed., fully rev. and expand.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, specify an empty editionphrase. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the edition phrase.
 * Editor(s): Editor or editors of the book. This uses the same format as for author; see Authors.  should contain roles, as in Smith RB, editor and Smith RB, Jones WR, editors. When both author and editor are given, it is assumed that the authors contributed a chapter to the editors' book, and chapter should also be given. Otherwise, the editors are listed in place of the authors. If the entire book has both authors and editors, the editors should be listed under secondaryauthor.
 * Format: The type of medium for the source. Specify PDF if url specifies a resource in Portable Document Format. Omit format if the source is published in HTML or XHTML. Other possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm for books, and video, videocast, and podcast for web pages. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
 * For journal and news sources, this parameter is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
 * ID: An anchor suitable for Harvard citations; see Anchors. For example, the SmithJones2010 might be used as a target of the Harvard citation, and it is equivalent to ref. If harvid and ref are both given, harvid is ignored.
 * Homepage title: The homepage's title; see Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_home.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty home. parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the homepage title.
 * Date: Date the homepage (see homeurl) was last accessed and checked; see Dates.
 * Date: Date of publication for the home page; see Dates.
 * Edition: The edition or version of the homepage being cited. This is equivalent to editionphrase, except that it appends " ed." instead of just a period.
 * Edition phrase: The edition or version being cited, if the homepage is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The editionphrase parameter should be used instead of homeedition if "." should be appended rather than the typical " ed."
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, specify an empty homeeditionphrase. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the homepage edition phrase.
 * Format: The type of medium for the homepage, as in PDF; see format. The NLM Vancouver style specifies Internet as the only value, and it also specifies a content type prefix of homepage, as in homepage on the Internet.
 * Language: The language of the homepage, if not English.
 * Notes: Any further information about the homepage. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed. End it with a period.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the homepage was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates.
 * URL: URL of the homepage. When giving this parameter, also give homeaccessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * ID: A unique identifier, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter such as isbn or oclc is also given. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used.
 * ID: A unique identifier, used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter is also given, such as doi, isbn, oclc, or pmid. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used, as in, which generates . Other ID-generating templates include arxiv, JFM, JSTOR MathSciNet, and Zbl.
 * isbn: The book's International Standard Book Number such as 978-0-231-14636-4. The hyphens may be omitted, as in 9780231146364. Prefer 13- to 10-digit ISBNs if both are available. Convert an SBN to an ISBN by prefixing it with a zero. See ISBN for more about ISBNs in Wikipedia.
 * Issue: The issue number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "number" or "no." If it is a range, use an en dash, as in 1–2. Issues may be named, as in Anniversary issue, or an issue supplement or part, as in 3 Suppl, 16 Suppl Pt 1, or a special number, as in 3 Spec No.
 * Journal name: Name of the journal. This should be the name as it was published at the time. In the NLM Vancouver style, journal names are abbreviated by omitting insignificant words and replacing the rest with abbreviations, with no periods. For example, The Journal of Biocommunication becomes J Biocommun without any periods. Lists of standard journal abbreviations are available. In some other styles, journal names are spelled out in full, or contain periods after abbreviations.
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty journal. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the journal name.
 * Format: The type of medium for the entire journal. Possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
 * Language: The language of the source, if not English.
 * Date: The lay summary's publication date; see Dates.
 * Source: The lay summary's source, for example, New York Times.
 * URL: The URL of the lay summary, which could be in the popular press.
 * Location: Place of publication. For newspapers this is appended to the newspaper name, in parentheses; see work.
 * Notes: Any further information. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed. End it with a period.
 * OCLC: The book's Online Computer Library Center number, such as 3185581. This is particularly useful for older books that lack an ISBN.
 * Pages: The page number or numbers of the source. Use en dashes in page ranges, as in 99–106. For a single hyphenated page number such as "3‑5", use a non-breaking hyphen ("‑" or " ") rather than a regular hyphen, so that it is not inadvertently changed to an en dash by another editor or by a bot. In the NLM Vancouver style, a page range does not repeat page numbers (for example, 1447–50 rather than 1447–1450) unless they are followed by a letter (for example, 1447A–1450A).
 * For books, use the page numbers of the chapter, as in 100 or 37, 39. In accordance with the Vancouver style, this will be displayed with a leading "p. ", regardless of whether the argument is a single page number or several numbers.
 * For journals, use the page numbers of the journal article.
 * For news, use the page numbers of the article, if the printed edition was consulted. In the NLM Vancouver style, only the first page number is given.
 * For web pages, use this if only part of the web page is being cited. For example, if the URL is a PDF file, this might be 603–4.
 * Pagination: The total number of pages in the book, followed by a space and "p", as in 495 p. Or if the book is multivolume, list the number of volumes followed by a space and "vol", as in 4 vol. Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use pages or at instead of pagination.
 * Part ID: Use this when citing just a part of the article. Give the article's identification for the part, as in Table 2 or Figure 1A.
 * Part pages: The page or pages of the part being cited, in the same format as pages.
 * Part title: The title of the part being cited. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_parttitle. This can be combined with partid and pages to produce most citations for article parts; complex examples, such as citing parts available in multiple languages, should be placed at the end of notes instead.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, and if no partp is given, specify an empty parttitle. parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the title.
 * Part URL: The URL of the part being cited, if this differs from that of the article.
 * Physical description: The book's physical characteristics if it requires special equipment to read, as in 3 microfiche, blue & white, negative, 5×10&amp;cm. If this is given format should also be given.
 * PMC: The article's PubMed Central number, such as 2699548. This provides free full-text access.
 * PMID: The article's PubMed Unique Identifier, as in 15128012. This provides access to an abstract and citation, and is a standard identifier in medicine and health-related fields. It may be useful even if doi is available, as it may point to a freely readable copy when the DOI does not, and PubMed servers are often more reliable than servers for DOIs.
 * Publisher: The organization or individual that issued the resource. This can be abbreviated if well-known, for example, Wiley for John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
 * For books, use the publisher's name as recorded in the book.
 * For news, this parameter should normally not be used; it is present only for backward compatibility with cite news. In practice, agency or work should be used instead.
 * For web pages, se the publisher's name as recorded in the homepage.
 * Quote: An optional brief and relevant except from the source. It is surrounded by double quotes "like this", so it should use single-quotes internally.
 * Anchor: An anchor for this citation; see Anchors. It should begin with a letter.
 * Secondary author(s): Editors, translators, illustrators, and other secondary authors. See Authors.  should contain roles, as in Smith RB, editor and Wu RB, Jones WR, illustrators.
 * For books, this parameter should refer to the entire book (not just to a chapter), and should be used only if author is also used; in the common case where the author wrote a chapter of a book that has an editor, use editor for the editors instead of secondaryauthor.
 * Section: This is convenient shorthand for Sect. Section.
 * Section phrase: The section of the newspaper that the article was published in, as in Home & Family. By convention, use section if this is a number.
 * Series: The name of the series of the book.
 * Editor(s): The editor or editors of the series, followed by ", editor"; see Authors. The series parameter should also be specified.
 * Volume phrase: The volume or number of the book in the series, using the same terminology the source uses, as in no. 7, vol. 7, or just plain 7. The series parameter should also be specified.
 * Volume: A convenience parameter; 7 is equivalent to vol. 7.
 * Size: The size of the web page, as in 950 kB, about 15 screens, 5 p., about 10 p., 4 paragraphs. If it contains a podcast or other timed data, specify its duration, as in about 30 sec. or 2 min., 31 sec.}
 * Title: Title of the source. See Titles. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in trans_title.
 * For books, this is the title of the entire book.
 * For journals and news, this is the title of the article.
 * For web pages, this is the title of the web page.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark, exclamation point or period, specify an empty title. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
 * Translated chapter title: Translation of chapter (the chapter title) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated homepage title: Translation of home (the homepage title) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated title of article part: Translation of parttitle (the title of the article part) into English. See Titles.
 * Translated title: Translation of title (the title) into English. See Titles.
 * Update action and date: The uncapitalized word for updated that was used by the source, followed by the date the source was updated or revised, as in changed 2009-12-13 or revised 2009. See Dates.
 * URL: URL of the source. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the source has no other identification such as doi, id, or isbn. When giving this parameter, also give accessdate unless the URL is known to be stable.
 * For books, this should point to the entire book. If it is just a chapter, use chapterurl.
 * For journals and news, this should point to the entire article.
 * For journals, if it just a part of the article, use parturl. The URL should not point to PubMed Central; use pmc for that.
 * For the web, this should point to the individual web page.
 * Volume:
 * For books, the volume number of a multivolume book. This is a convenience parameter; 7 is equivalent to Vol. 7.
 * For journals, the volume number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "volume" or "vol." If it is a range, use an en dash, as in 1–2.
 * Pagination: The total number of pages in the book volume, followed by a space and "p", as in 495 p. Other formats are also allowed, in unusual cases, such as p. 1027–997 for a volume that is continuously paged from the previous volume. Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use pages or at instead of pagination.
 * Volume: Which volume of the book was cited. Use an Arabic number, such as Vol. 3 or Pt. 3. This parameter is intended for multivolume books, when only one volume is being cited; for books that are volumes in a series, use seriesvolumephrase instead.
 * Volume title: Title of book volume. See Titles.
 * undefined: If  ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty volumetitle. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
 * Work name: Name of the newspaper or other published work that contains the news article. This should be the name as it was published at the time. Do not abbreviate the newspaper name, except it is OK to omit a leading "The", as in New York Times. If the title does not indicate where the newspaper is published, add the location, as in The (Baltimore) Sun and Daily Nation (Nairobi); if a location is not well-known, follow it with the state or country, as in The Record (Stockton, CA), East Valley (AZ) Tribune, and Le Journal du Jura (Bienne, Switzerland). For convenience, if the parenthesized part is at the end, location can be used instead, as in "Daily Nation Nairobi".
 * undefined: If  ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty work. parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the work name.
 * Format: The type of medium for the entire newspaper or other published work. Possible values include physical formats such as microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, and ultrafilm. Normally it is not necessary to specify Internet or print, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.

Formats
Typically, parameter values are displayed as entered, without reformatting or linking. This section gives advice as to how to format commonly-used parameters.

Authors
Authors should be formatted consistently within a Wikipedia article's citations. There is no Wikipedia-wide consensus about what format to use for authors. The Vancouver system suggests one of two main styles:


 * Commas separating authors: Use the author's surname (as spelled by the author) and then initials, with no punctuation within an author's name. Convert family rank to Arabic ordinals such as 3rd but keep Sr and Jr alone. Omit degrees, titles, and honors. Romanize non-roman alphabets. Spell out organizational authors, and separate them from other authors with semicolons. Omit "Anonymous". Some examples:
 * Smith RB, Hu AL
 * O'Malley AR, L'Engle JZ, S'adeh M, St Cloud M, Smythe-Jones ER
 * van der Platt J, Happé J, Sanchez Garcia JM, Lopez y Fuentes P
 * Smith RC Jr, Jones B III, Barney MR Jr; American College of Academics


 * Semicolons separating authors: This is similar, except separate authors with a semicolon, and spell out author names in full, surname first, with comma separating surname from given name and with periods following abbreviations. Some examples:
 * Smith, Roger B.; Hu, Albert L.
 * Smith, Robert C. Jr; Jones, Bertram III; Barney, Max R. Jr; American College of Academics

If the contributors to a book are not authors, follow their names with a comma and their role. The role should not be abbreviated. Separate multiple roles with a semicolon. Some examples:


 * Smith RB, editor
 * Smith RB, Hu AL, editors
 * Jones AR, translator; Joseph RW, illustrator

If there are many authors, replace the trailing authors with et al. or and others. Typically the first three or six authors are kept. In one variant, all authors are listed unless there are more than six authors, in which case just the first three are listed. The limit of three or six often applies separately to individual and to institutional authors.

Dates
Like authors, there is no consensus on Wikipedia about which date format to use in citations. Dates should use a consistent format within an article, and this format need not be the same as in the article's prose. Some formats are specified by the Vancouver system, and some other formats are also in common use on Wikipedia.

All formats allow a plain year, such as 2009, to stand for that year.


 * Vancouver dates: The Vancouver system uses the following date formats:
 * 2009 Jan 2 for the second day of January in 2009. Use three-letter English-language month abbreviations, with no periods. 2009 Jan stands for the entire month.
 * 2009 Winter for seasons. Use English-language season names without abbreviation.
 * 2009 Dec 31–2010 Jan 7 for date ranges. Separate the dates with en dashes. Other examples: 2009 Dec–2010 Jan if days are omitted, 2009–2010 if months are omitted, 2009 Jan–Feb if years are the same (and similarly for seasons), and 2009 Jan 1–10 if months are the same.
 * YYYY-MM-DD: 2009-01-02 for the second day of January in 2009. This format is useful for citations that may be reused in foreign-language Wikipedias, since it is recognized globally.
 * Day Month Year: 2 January 2009 for the same example, and January 2009 for the entire month.
 * Month Day, Year: January 2, 2009 for the same example, and January 2009 for the entire month.

Titles
Use sentence case, the same way that you would capitalize an ordinary sentence, to capitalize the title of a minor work such as a chapter or article. Do this even if the original title capitalizes every word.

Use title case, in which every important word is capitalized, to capitalize the title of a major work such as a book, volume, journal, or newspaper. (The NLM Vancouver style uses sentence case even for book and volume titles, but Wikipedia style is to use title case.)

If a title value is in a foreign language, put its translation into trans_title, and similarly for chapter and trans_chapter, for home and trans_home, and for parttitle and trans_parttitle. This will display as the original title followed by the translation in square brackets. The original title is often omitted as it is rarely important to English language readers. If including the original title, use the appropriate case of the source language; for example, for the book Man's Fate one might use "La Condition humaine Man's Fate".

Use ": " to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other punctuation is already present.

Anchors
The Anchor parameter adds an anchor to the citation, so that it can be a target of a wikilink to the citation, as in. This is useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.

Harvard references such as harv are a common form of parenthetical referencing, and the ID parameter is a convenient way to generate an anchor suitable for Harvard referencing templates. The contents of this parameter should be the last names of the authors of the citation (omitting any authors after the first four), followed by the year, all jammed together without spaces or punctuation. For example, article prose might contain the markup, which generates the Harvard reference. To have this link to a citation, use PehNg2009, such as in the following:

This generates the following citation:

This citation is the target of the Harvard reference. To see how it works, click on the "".

Compatibility
These templates are intended to be used in place of cite book, cite journal, etc. For efficiency reasons they do not support all uses of cite book etc., but they do support the following commonly used and documented parameters.


 * Day: See year.
 * Month: See year.
 * Page: The default value for pages.
 * Year: The year of publication. This provides a default value for date. If year is used and the citation is to a relatively timely source such as a newspaper or a web page, the parameters month and day also contribute to the default date.

The following backward-compatibility arguments are supported by vancite book etc., but for simplicity and performance reasons they are not supported by vcite book etc. This is the only way in which the  and   variants disagree. New uses of these templates should avoid these parameters, and should use the main parameters listed above.


 * Location:
 * For books, this parameter is supported by vcite book as well as by vancite book.
 * For journals, the default value for pages.
 * Similarly for the web, except that leading "p. " is not prepended.
 * Author: The first author. Similarly for author2, author3, etc.
 * URL: A wikilink to be placed around the author. Similarly for authorlink1, authorlink2, etc.
 * Mask: Mask for the author, for books and journals.
 * Separator: Separator between authors' last and first names, for journals.
 * Separator: Separator between authors, for journals.
 * URL: Equivalent to author2.
 * N: Display at most  authors, for journals.
 * Editor: The first editor, for books. Similarly for editor2, editor3, etc.
 * Name: First name of first editor, for books. Similarly for editor2-first, editor3-first, etc.
 * Name: Last name of first ecditor, for books. Similarly for editor2-last, editor3-last, etc.
 * Page: A wikilink to be placed around the first editor, for books. Similarly for editor1-link, editor2-link, editor3-link, etc.
 * Name: First name of first author. Similarly for first1, first2, etc.
 * Journal name: The default value for work, for news.
 * Name: Last name of first author. Similarly for last1, last2, etc.
 * Boolean: Whether to use "&amp;" before the last author's name, for books.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals and news.
 * Journal name: The default value for journal, for journals; and the default value for home, for web pages.

The following cite book parameters are not supported.

The following cite journal parameters are not supported. Typically their values should be folded into the values of related parameters.


 * : Parameters associated with a citation to the entire journal are not displayed by cite journal and vancite journal; these parameters would be suitable for a vcite entire journal template, should one be written. Such parameters are usually not needed; exceptional cases can be folded into notes.


 * Periods after parameters: If the title parameter's value ends in a period, question mark, or exclamation point, the period that normally follows the title can be suppressed by specifying an empty title. parameter. Parameters such as author. behave similarly. Parameters such as title. and author. are not needed with cite book etc., which punctuates these parameters differently.

Examples




















Rationale
This template was originally designed to attack a major problem with citation, cite book, etc.: these templates generate pages that can take way too long to load while browsing and editing. The initial version of the revised templates improved the page-generation time for Autism by a factor of two, and reduced the size of its HTML by over 35%.

To improve performance, this template omits the following features of cite book, cite journal, etc., roughly in descending order of importance:


 * COinS metadata, which greatly bloats the output of citation, cite book, cite journal, etc. Readers who want COinS data can get it by copying a page into a sandbox and replacing all instances of " " or " " with " ". Perhaps a gadget or tool will be developed to automate this task.
 * Wikilinks from each instance of "doi" to Digital object identifier, from each instance of "ISBN" to International Standard Book Number, from each instance of "PMID" to PMID, etc. Not only do these links consume needless bytes, they are not that useful and they typically constitute overlinking.
 * Automatically-generated Harvard references. The Vancouver style is normally used with numbered footnotes, not with Harvard references, so this deficiency is not serious. Harvard references can still be done fairly easily with harvid; see Anchors.
 * The  variants do not support fancy ways of formatting authors and editors, with parameters like coauthors, last8, editor2-first, and editor3-link. Please format author names and links the way you prefer them, inside author. Or you can use vancite book etc., which do support fancy formatting, at some cost in simplicity and performance.
 * Boldface volume numbers. Boldfacing is not needed in the Vancouver style, and would be a distracting visual cue.
 * Quote marks around titles of chapter or article titles. This is not part of the Vancouver style.